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Table 1 Characteristics of the individuals by tertiles of plasma succinate levels

From: Elevated plasma succinate levels are linked to higher cardiovascular disease risk factors in young adults

 

Plasma succinate tertiles

P

Low (11.6–55.1 µM)

n = 34

Intermediate (55.2–71.4 µM)

n = 33

High (71.5–129.8 µM)

n = 33

Age (years)

21.7 ± 2.3

22.6 ± 2.1

21.6 ± 1.9

0.137

Sex (n, %)

0.777

 Men

13 (38.2)

10 (30.3)

12 (36.4)

 

 Women

21 (61.8)

23 (69.7)

21 (64.6)

 

Weight status (n, %)

0.097

 Normal-weight

23 (67.7)

19 (57.6)

15 (45.5)

 

 Overweight

8 (23.5)

11 (33.3)

10 (30.3)

 

 Obese

3 (8.8)

3 (9.1)

8 (24.2)

 

BMI (kg/m2)

24.2 ± 3.8

24.0 ± 3.8

26.1 ± 5.2

0.091

LMI (kg/m2)

14.8 ± 2.1

14.1 ± 2.2

15.1 ± 2.7

0.275

FMI (kg/m2)

8.1 ± 2.7

8.5 ± 2.6

9.6 ± 3.3

0.077

Body fat (%)

33.6 ± 7.4

35.8 ± 6.7

37.0 ± 8.1

0.170

VAT (g)

289* ± 146

346 ± 178

411* ± 201

0.020

Waist circumference (cm)

78.8 ± 11.9

80.9 ± 13.3

84.3 ± 14.7

0.247

Glucose (mg/dL)

86.5 ± 6.2

88.5 ± 6.5

87.3 ± 6.9

0.466

Insulin (μUI/mL)

7.4 ± 3.9

8.2 ± 3.9

9.6 ± 6.0

0.126

HOMA index

1.6 ± 1.0

1.8 ± 1.0

2.1 ± 1.6

0.152

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

156.2 ± 25.0

162.6 ± 31

170.2 ± 34

0.230

HDL-C (mg/dL)

51.3 ± 9.7

52.4 ± 9.5

54.2 ± 15

0.808

LDL-C (mg/dL)

91.2 ± 23

94.3 ± 25

95.7 ± 29

0.907

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

68.2* ± 28

80.0 ± 40

111.8* ± 70

0.002

C-reactive protein (mg/L)

1.7* ± 2.2

2.1 ± 2.1

3.8* ± 5.1

0.039

SBP (mmHg)

114.1 ± 11

116.7 ± 11

120.4 ± 12

0.082

DBP (mmHg)

68.8* ± 7.7

71.4 ± 5.5

73.7* ± 7.6

0.023

Metabolic syndrome ATPIII (n, %)

0 (0)

1 (3)

4 (12.1)

0.068

Cardiorespiratory fitness (mL/kg/min)

44.9* ± 7.3

38.8* ± 7.7

40.6 ± 6.9

0.004

BAT volume (mL)

71.3 ± 47.3

71.0 ± 68.8

64.3 ± 56.2

0.825

BAT SUVmean

4.0 ± 2.1

3.6 ± 2.0

3.8 ± 1.8

0.794

Basal metabolic rate (kcal/d)

1335 ± 570

1518 ± 896

1407 ± 198

0.534

Energy intake (kcal/d)

1904 ± 463

1769 ± 397

1950 ± 497

0.115

Energy density intake (kcal/g/d)

1.5 ± 0.4

1.5 ± 0.3

1.4 ± 0.3

0.333

Fat intake (g/d)

84.8 ± 25.9

78.3 ± 26.4

85.7 ± 23.9

0.156

Protein intake (g/d)

77.8* ± 20.2

70.2* ± 14.6

76.4 ± 21.6

0.003

Carbohydrates intake (g/d)

202.4 ± 67.0

191.1 ± 64.4

214.2 ± 73.6

0.378

  1. Significant P values (P < 0.05) are shown in bold
  2. Data are presented as mean and standard deviation (SD), otherwise stated
  3. ATPIII National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III, BAT brown adipose tissue, BMI body mass index, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FMI fat mass index, HDL-C high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, HOMA index homeostatic model assessment, LDL-C low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, LMI lean mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, SUV standardized uptake value, VAT visceral adipose tissue
  4. P from one-way analysis of variance, or from chi-square test (categorical variables). Plasma succinate levels are computed as tertiles
  5. *Symbols indicates significant differences between groups (P < 0.05) after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840