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Table 3 Multivariable hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of association between weight change categories and incident CHD: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, Iran, 1999–2018

From: Weight change and risk of cardiovascular disease among adults with type 2 diabetes: more than 14 years of follow-up in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

 

Model 1

Model 2

HR (95% CI)

P-value

HR (95% CI)

P-value

Weight change categories

 Lost > 5%

1.19 (0.83–1.71)

0.334

1.14 (0.79–1.65)

0.471

 Lost 3% to 5%

0.86 (0.55–1.36)

0.526

0.76 (0.48–1.20)

0.238

 Stable (± 3%)

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Gained 3% to 5%

0.63 (0.37–1.08)

0.096

0.66 (0.38–1.15)

0.141

 Gained > 5%

0.62 (0.41–0.94)

0.026

0.61 (0.40–0.93)

0.021

Age, year

1.04 (1.03–1.05)

 < 0.001

1.04 (1.02–1.05)

 < 0.001

Women (men as reference)

0.92 (0.70–1.22)

0.569

0.82 (0.59–1.13)

0.216

BMI, kg/m2

  

0.99 (0.96–1.02)

0.423

Educational level, years

 > 12

  

Reference

 

 6–12

  

0.91 (0.50–1.66)

0.768

 < 6

  

0.92 (0.51–1.69)

0.796

Current smoker, yes

  

1.73 (1.06–2.83)

0.028

GLD use, yes

  

1.75 (1.27–2.41)

0.001

Family history of premature CVD, yes

  

1.08 (0.76–1.52)

0.672

Hypertension, yes

  

1.63 (1.22–2.19)

0.001

Hypercholesterolemia, yes

  

2.09 (1.43–3.05)

 < 0.001

CKD, yes

  

0.76 (0.55–1.05)

0.099

FPG, mmol/L

  

1.03 (0.99–1.08)

0.139

  1. Model 1: adjusted for age and sex. Model 2: Model 1 + further adjusted for BMI, educational level, current smoking (at first follow-up), GLD use (at baseline or first follow-up), family history of premature CVD, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, CKD, and FPG
  2. CHD coronary heart disease, BMI body mass index, GLD glucose-lowering drugs, CVD cardiovascular disease, CKD chronic kidney disease, FPG fasting plasma glucose