Weight change and risk of cardiovascular disease among adults with type 2 diabetes: more than 14 years of follow-up in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Table 2 Multivariable hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of association between weight change categories and incident CVD: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, Iran, 1999–2018

	Model 1		Model 2
	HR (95% CI)	P-value	HR (95% CI)	P-value
Weight change categories
Lost > 5%	1.18 (0.84–1.65)	0.333	1.11 (0.79–1.56)	0.538
Lost 3% to 5%	1.04 (0.70–1.53)	0.863	0.89 (0.60–1.33)	0.571
Stable (± 3%)	Reference		Reference
Gained 3% to 5%	0.69 (0.42–1.11)	0.128	0.76 (0.46–1.23)	0.260
Gained > 5%	0.71 (0.49–1.03)	0.075	0.70 (0.48–1.01)	0.058
Age, year	1.05 (1.04–1.06)	< 0.001	1.05 (1.03–1.07)	< 0.001
Women (men as reference)	0.90 (0.70–1.15)	0.394	0.78 (0.58–1.05)	0.101
BMI, kg/m²			1.00 (0.97–1.03)	0.894
Educational level, years
> 12			Reference
6–12			0.81 (0.47–1.38)	0.437
< 6			0.82 (0.48–1.39)	0.459
Current smoker, yes			1.64 (1.03–2.61)	0.036
GLD use, yes			1.62 (1.21–2.16)	0.001
Family history of premature CVD, yes			1.15 (0.84–1.57)	0.389
Hypertension, yes			1.73 (1.32–2.26)	< 0.001
Hypercholesterolemia, yes			1.77 (1.27–2.48)	0.001
CKD, yes			0.78 (0.58–1.05)	0.097
FPG, mmol/L			1.04 (1.00–1.08)	0.039

Model 1: adjusted for age and sex. Model 2: Model 1 + further adjusted for BMI, educational level, current smoking (at first follow-up), GLD use (at baseline or first follow-up), family history of premature CVD, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, CKD, and FPG
CVD cardiovascular disease, BMI body mass index, GLD glucose-lowering drugs, CKD chronic kidney disease, FPG fasting plasma glucose

ISSN: 1475-2840