Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants after propensity score matching
Total population N = 25,834 | oGLD N = 12,917 | SGLT2i N = 12,917 | Standardized mean differences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean (SD), years | 62.9 (11.1) | 62.8 (11.8) | 62.9 (10.4) | 0.007 |
Gender, n (%), females | 11,331 (43.9) | 5682 (44.0) | 5649 (43.7) | 0.005 |
Smoking, n (%) | 4145 (16.3) | 2081 (16.3) | 2064 (16.2) | 0.004 |
Diabetes duration ≥ 5 years, n (%) | 20,065 (77.7) | 10,037 (77.7) | 10,028 (77.6) | 0.002 |
HbA1c (%), mean (SD) | 8.69 (1.57) | 8.79 (1.64) | 8.59 (1.48) | 0.128 |
Missing’s, n (%) | 5980 (23.1) | 2948 (22.8) | 3032 (23.5) | |
Deprivation index (medium–high), n (%) | 12,356 (47.9) | 6156 (47.6) | 6200 (48.0) | 0.016 |
Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
Cardiovascular disease | 7019 (27.2) | 3466 (26.8) | 3553 (27.5) | 0.015 |
Heart failure | 1421 (5.5) | 692 (5.4) | 729 (5.6) | 0.013 |
Myocardial infarction | 1624 (6.3) | 800 (6.2) | 824 (6.4) | 0.008 |
Unstable angina | 383 (1.5) | 197 (1.5) | 186 (1.4) | 0.007 |
Atrial fibrillation | 1343 (5.2) | 668 (5.2) | 675 (5.2) | 0.002 |
Stroke | 1488 (5.8) | 752 (5.8) | 736 (5.7) | 0.005 |
Chronic kidney disease | 1697 (6.6) | 1021 (7.9) | 676 (5.2) | 0.108 |
Peripheral artery disease | 1895 (7.3) | 942 (7.3) | 953 (7.4) | 0.003 |
Microvascular diseasea | 5749 (22.3) | 2884 (22.3) | 2865 (22.2) | 0.004 |
Cancer | 2975 (11.5) | 1589 (12.3) | 1386 (10.7) | 0.049 |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2, mean (SD) | 58.8 (4.82) | 58.5 (5.5) | 59.0 (3.98) | 0.100 |
Missing’s, n (%) | 6058 (23.4) | 3003 (23.2) | 3055 (23.7) | |
Concomitant medications, n (%) | ||||
Anti-hypertensives | 19,453 (75.3) | 9645 (74.7) | 9808 (75.9) | 0.029 |
ACE inhibitors | 9891 (38.3) | 4950 (38.3) | 4941 (38.3) | 0.001 |
Angiotensin II receptor blockers | 8577 (33.2) | 4272 (33.1) | 4305 (33.3) | 0.005 |
Beta blockers | 6926 (26.8) | 3441 (26.6) | 3485 (27.0) | 0.008 |
Calcium channel blockers | 540 (2.1) | 290 (2.3) | 250 (1.9) | 0.022 |
Thiazides | 2431 (9.4) | 1219 (9.4) | 1212 (9.4) | 0.002 |
Loop-diuretics | 3008 (11.6) | 1492 (11.6) | 1516 (11.7) | 0.006 |
Statins | 16,812 (65.1) | 8381 (64.9) | 8431 (65.3) | 0.008 |