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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants by quartiles of TyG index

From: Triglyceride-glucose index in the development of peripheral artery disease: findings from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Characteristics

Total

(n = 12,320)

Quartile 1 (n = 3080)

Quartile 2 (n = 3080)

Quartile 3 (n = 3080)

Quartile 4 (n = 3080)

P value

TyG index

8.7 ± 0.6

8.0 ± 0.2

8.4 ± 0.1

8.8 ± 0.1

9.4 ± 0.4

 < 0.001

Age, years

54.3 ± 5.7

53.1 ± 5.7

54.2 ± 5.7

54.7 ± 5.7

55.1 ± 5.7

 < 0.001

Male, %

5693 (46.2%)

1151 (37.4%)

1326 (43.1%)

1542 (50.1%)

1674 (54.4%)

 < 0.001

White, %

9401 (76.3%)

2166 (70.3%)

2329 (75.6%)

2449 (79.5%)

2457 (79.8%)

 < 0.001

BMI, kg/m2

27.6 ± 5.2

25.6 ± 4.8

27.0 ± 5.1

28.1 ± 5.1

29.7 ± 5.1

 < 0.001

SBP, mmHg

120.8 ± 18.6

117.3 ± 18.9

119.3 ± 18.4

121.4 ± 17.9

125.2 ± 18.4

 < 0.001

DBP, mmHg

73.4 ± 11.2

72.3 ± 11.5

72.9 ± 11.2

73.7 ± 10.9

74.9 ± 10.9

 < 0.001

Smoking status, %

     

 < 0.001

 Current smoker

3131 (25.4%)

694 (22.5%)

823 (26.7%)

835 (27.1%)

779 (25.3%)

 

 Former smoker

4086 (33.2%)

918 (29.8%)

976 (31.7%)

1042 (33.8%)

1150 (37.3%)

 

 Never smoker

5103 (41.4%)

1468 (47.7%)

1281 (41.6%)

1203 (39.1%)

1151 (37.4%)

 

Drinking status, %

     

 < 0.001

 Current drinker

7079 (57.5%)

1849 (60.0%)

1780 (57.8%)

1741 (56.5%)

1709 (55.5%)

 

 Former drinker

2304(18.7%)

488 (15.8%)

556 (18.1%)

613 (19.9%)

647 (21.0%)

 

 Never drinker

2937 (23.8%)

743 (24.1%)

744 (24.2%)

726 (23.6%)

724 (23.5%)

 

Education level, %

     

 < 0.001

 Basic education

2756 (22.4%)

580 (18.8%)

678 (22.0%)

682 (22.1%)

816 (26.5%)

 

 Intermediate education

5077 (41.2%)

1201 (39.0%)

1239 (40.2%)

1328 (43.1%)

1309 (42.5%)

 

 Advanced education

4487 (36.4%)

1299 (42.2%)

1163 (37.8%)

1070 (34.7%)

955 (31.0%)

 

Physical activity score

      

 Sport index score

2.5 ± 0.8

2.5 ± 0.8

2.5 ± 0.8

2.5 ± 0.8

2.4 ± 0.8

0.001

 Leisure time index score

2.4 ± 0.6

2.4 ± 0.6

2.4 ± 0.6

2.4 ± 0.5

2.3 ± 0.6

 < 0.001

Hypertension, %

5192 (42.1%)

979 (31.1%)

1170 (37.2%)

1370 (43.6%)

1779 (56.6%)

 < 0.001

Diabetes, %

1378 (11.2%)

57 (1.8%)

129 (4.1%)

232 (7.4%)

984 (31.3%)

 < 0.001

CHD, %

603 (4.9%)

67 (2.1%)

122 (3.9%)

175 (5.6%)

247 (7.9%)

 < 0.001

Stroke, %

348 (2.8%)

66 (2.1%)

67 (2.1%)

96 (3.1%)

123 (3.9%)

 < 0.001

Antihypertensive medication, %

3651 (29.6%)

586 (18.6%)

800 (25.4%)

976 (31.1%)

1370 (43.6%)

 < 0.001

Lipid-lowering medication, %

347 (2.8%)

32 (1.0%)

77 (2.4%)

102 (3.2%)

140 (4.5%)

 < 0.001

Fasting glucose, mg/dL

107.7 ± 37.0

94.2 ± 8.6

98.9 ± 11.5

103.7 ± 17.7

133.8 ± 63.1

 < 0.001

HDL-C, mg/dL

51.7 ± 16.9

62.9 ± 17.7

54.6 ± 15.6

47.8 ± 13.9

41.7 ± 12.3

 < 0.001

LDL-C, mg/dL

137.4 ± 38.8

121.4 ± 34.1

136.3 ± 37.4

146.2 ± 38.1

145.5 ± 40.4

 < 0.001

TC, mg/dL

214.2 ± 41.0

197.0 ± 36.0

209.8 ± 38.0

220.4 ± 39.4

229.4 ± 43.3

 < 0.001

TG, mg/dL

125.4 ± 64.9

63.6 ± 12.4

94.7 ± 13.2

131.7 ± 20.9

211.2 ± 62.8

 < 0.001

eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2

102.1 ± 15.4

105.6 ± 14.8

102.5 ± 14.5

100.9 ± 15.4

99.9 ± 16.5

 < 0.001

Fibrinogen, mg/dL

302.0 ± 64.5

294.03 ± 63.4

302.0 ± 64.2

303.7 ± 64.5

308.3 ± 65.1

 < 0.001

Von Willebrand factor, % of standard

117.5 ± 47.8

112.5 ± 45.7

115.9 ± 45.3

116.7 ± 46.8

124.8 ± 52.2

 < 0.001

Factor VIII activity, % of standard

130.5 ± 38.1

125.0 ± 35.2

128.0 ± 35.9

130.0 ± 36.1

139.3 ± 43.2

 < 0.001

White blood cell count, × 109

6.1 ± 2.0

5.6 ± 1.8

6.0 ± 1.9

6.3 ± 2.3

6.6 ± 1.9

 < 0.001

Incident PAD, %

1300 (10.6%)

222 (7.2%)

278 (9.0%)

359 (11.7%)

441 (14.3%)

 < 0.001

Incident CLI, %

186 (1.5%)

22 (0.7%)

20 (0.6%)

41 (1.3%)

103 (3.3%)

 < 0.001

  1. Values are mean ± SD for normally distributed data and median and interquartile range for non-normally distributed data, or n (%)
  2. ABI ankle-brachial index, BMI body mass index, CHD coronary heart disease, CLI critical limb ischemia, DBP diastolic blood pressure, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, PAD peripheral artery disease, SBP systolic blood pressure, TC total cholesterol, TG triglycerides, TyG triglyceride-glucose