Table 2 Results of cardiopulmonary exercise test and exercise echocardiography
From: Mechanisms of reduced peak oxygen consumption in subjects with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes
All patients (n = 88) | Effort Intolerance | p value | “Adjusted” p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (n = 48) | No (n = 40) | ||||
Cardiopulmonary exercise test | |||||
Workload (W) | 118 ± 30 | 113 ± 25 | 126 ± 34 | 0.0460 | < 0.0001 |
Time of effort (min) | 11.4 ± 2.0 | 10.8 ± 1.8 | 12.0 ± 2.0 | 0.0050 | 0.0008 |
HR rest (bpm) | 79.9 ± 13.6 | 80.5 ± 12.9 | 79.3 ± 14.6 | ns | ns |
HR peak (bpm) | 132.9 ± 18.6 | 129.2 ± 19.0 | 137.4 ± 17.2 | 0.0361 | 0.0015 |
HR peak (%max) | 86.1 ± 12.0 | 82.6 ± 12.4 | 90.2 ± 10.2 | 0.0023 | 0.0015 |
HR reserve (bpm) | 74.7 ± 15.7 | 76.1 ± 14.6 | 73.0 ± 16.9 | ns | ns |
Chronotr. incomp. (n, %) | 46 (53%) | 34 (71%) | 12 (30%) | 0.0001 | 0.0005 |
MBP rest (mmHg) | 102.9 ± 10.3 | 103.3 ± 10.9 | 102.5 ± 9.6 | ns | ns |
MBP peak (mmHg) | 146.5 ± 16.3 | 146.9 ± 18.2 | 146.1 ± 14.0 | ns | ns |
RER peak | 1.08 ± 0.06 | 1.09 ± 0.07 | 1.07 ± 0.06 | ns | ns |
VO2/work slope | 10.5 ± 1.5 | 9.9 ± 1.2 | 11.2 ± 1.4 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |
VO2 rest (mL/min/kg) | 4.1 ± 9.1 | 3.7 ± 1.2 | 4.6 ± 1.3 | 0.0015 | 0.0005 |
VO2 AT (mL/min/kg) | 16.2 ± 4.9 | 13.7 ± 2.7 | 19.5 ± 5.2 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |
VO2 AT (%peakVO2) | 84.5 ± 11.9 | 81.5 ± 13.7 | 88.8 ± 7.7 | 0.0115 | 0.0047 |
VO2 peak (mL/min/kg) | 18.8 ± 5.1 | 16.45 ± 3.19 | 21.69 ± 5.39 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |
VO2 peak (%VO2max) | 79.0 ± 17.0 | 66.7 ± 8.8 | 93.6 ± 11.9 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |
VE/VCO2 slope | 27.5 ± 3.8 | 27.2 ± 4.1 | 27.8 ± 3.3 | ns | ns |
VD/VT (%) | 15.6 ± 4.1 | 16.0 ± 3.9 | 15.2 ± 4.4 | ns | ns |
O2 pulse peak (mL/bpm) | 11.7 ± 2.8 | 11.3 ± 2.5 | 12.3 ± 3.0 | ns | < 0.0001 |
O2 pulse peak (%max) | 94.2 ± 18.0 | 84.3 ± 14.0 | 106.0 ± 15.0 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |
AV O2 diff rest (mL/dL) | 6.5 ± 2.3 | 6.1 ± 2.4 | 6.9 ± 2.3 | ns | 0.0218 |
AV O2 diff peak (mL/dL) | 11.9 ± 3.2 | 11.3 ± 3.1 | 12.7 ± 3.3 | 0.0399 | 0.0002 |
Exercise echocardiography | |||||
EDVi (mL/m2) | 51.0 ± 11.1 | 51.7 ± 10.5 | 51.0 ± 13.0 | ns | ns |
LVMi (g/m2) | 86.3 ± 16.6 | 86.6 ± 14.4 | 87.4 ± 20.8 | ns | ns |
LAVi (mL/m2) | 24.7 ± 7.6 | 24.5 ± 8.2 | 25.5 ± 7.5 | ns | ns |
SV rest (mL) | 69.1 ± 14.8 | 69.5 ± 13.3 | 68.6 ± 13.0 | ns | ns |
SV peak (mL) | 102.1 ± 22.8 | 103.3 ± 26.6 | 100.7 ± 22.1 | ns | ns |
CO rest (L/min) | 5.5 ± 1.2 | 5.5 ± 1.3 | 5.4 ± 1.2 | ns | ns |
CO peak (L/min) | 13.7 ± 3.7 | 13.4 ± 3.7 | 14.0 ± 3.8 | ns | ns |
LVEF rest (%) | 58.9 ± 4.3 | 58.6 ± 0.7 | 58.6 ± 1.0 | ns | ns |
LVEF peak (%) | 67.6 ± 5.6 | 66.5 ± 6.1 | 68.9 ± 4.8 | ns | ns |
ΔEF | 8.6 ± 3.7 | 8.0 ± 4.1 | 9.5 ± .31 | ns | 0.0412 |
Contractility reserve (n, %) | 53 (60%) | 23 (26%) | 30 (34%) | 0.0154 | 0.0386 |
GLS rest (%) | 16.3 ± 2.6 | 15.7 ± 2.5 | 17.0 ± 2.6 | 0.0321 | ns |
GLS 4 min (%) | 18.4 ± 3.0 | 17.5 ± 2.9 | 19.5 ± 2.8 | 0.0044 | 0.0048 |
ΔGLS | 2.1 ± 1.5 | 1.7 ± 1.5 | 2.5 ± 1.8 | 0.0293 | 0.0093 |
S’ mean rest (cm/sec) | 9.2 ± 1.8 | 8.8 ± 1.8 | 9.6 ± 1.7 | 0.0364 | ns |
S’ mean peak (cm/s) | 14.3 ± 3.0 | 13.5 ± 2.8 | 15.2 ± 3.0 | 0.0085 | 0.0006 |
ΔS’ mean | 5.1 ± 2.1 | 4.7 ± 1.9 | 5.6 ± 2.3 | ns | 0.0023 |
E/e’ rest (cm/s) | 8.3 ± 2.2 | 8.6 ± 2.3 | 8.0 ± 2.2 | ns | ns |
E/e’ peak (cm/sec) | 8.6 ± 2.0 | 8.7 ± 2.1 | 8.4 ± 1.9 | ns | ns |
SVR rest (dyne*s/cm) | 1,583 ± 367 | 1,578 ± 383 | 1,588 ± 353 | ns | ns |
SVR peak (dyne*s/cm) | 911 ± 218 | 932 ± 230 | 885 ± 203 | ns | ns |
TAPSE/sPAP peak | 0.95 ± 0.23 | 0.96 ± 0.21 | 0.94 ± 0.26 | ns | ns |
TAPSE/CO peak | 2.24 ± 0.62 | 2.33 ± 0.64 | 2.12 ± 0.58 | ns | ns |