Relation of insulin treatment for type 2 diabetes to the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events after acute coronary syndrome: an analysis of the BETonMACE randomized clinical trial

Table 2 Cox proportional hazards models for the association of insulin treatment with risk of MACE and hospitalization for heart failure in the placebo group

Insulin-treated (n=420)	Not insulin treated (n=786)	Model	Model covariates	HR [95% CI] (insulin-treated/not treated)	p-value
No. of events/N (%)	No. of events/N (%)	Model	Model covariates	HR [95% CI] (insulin-treated/not treated)	p-value
MACE 73/420 (17.4) HHF 28/420 (6.7)	MACE 76/786 (9.7) HHF 21/786 (2.7)	1	Unadjusted	MACE
				1.89 [1.36–2.62]	0.0001
				HHF
				2.48 [1.40–4.40]	0.002
		2	Age, sex, race, duration of diabetes, HbA1c, use of intensive statin, prior MI/PCI/CABG, and prior heart failure	MACE
				1.86 [1.27–2.73]	0.002
				HHF
				1.79 [0.92–3.47]	0.08
		3	Model 2 plus adjustment for use of metformin, sulfonylurea, SGLT2i, and GLP-1 RA	MACE
				2.10 [1.42–3.10]	0.0002
				HHF
				2.34 [1.19–4.60]	0.01

CABG coronary artery bypass grafting, GLP-1 RA glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, HHF hospitalization for heart failure, MACE major adverse cardiovascular events, MI myocardial infarction, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, SGLT2i sodium–glucose loop transporter 2 inhibitor

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