High plasma renin activity associates with obesity-related diabetes and arterial hypertension, and predicts persistent hypertension after bariatric surgery

La Sala, Lucia; Tagliabue, Elena; Vieira, Elaine; Pontiroli, Antonio E; Folli, Franco

doi:10.1186/s12933-021-01310-w

Cardiovascular Diabetology

Table 4 Differences between baseline values and 12 months after bariatric surgery

From: High plasma renin activity associates with obesity-related diabetes and arterial hypertension, and predicts persistent hypertension after bariatric surgery

	Baseline		12 months		p ^{^}
	N	Mean (± SD)	N	Mean (± SD)	p ^{^}
Weight (kg)	239	119.2 ± 19.97	181	97.3 ± 16.61	< 0.0001
BMI (kg/m²)	239	44.4 ± 5.79	181	36.4 ± 5.21	< 0.0001
Waist circumference (cm)	238	122.2 ± 13.84	174	107.1 ± 13.5	< 0.0001
FPG (mg/dl)	233	110.4 ± 38.05	171	95.8 ± 17.33	< 0.0001
1hPG (mg/dl)	226	189.8 ± 75.31	176	158.2 ± 58.57	< 0.0001
2hPG (mg/dl)	225	149.1 ± 70.52	169	118.7 ± 47.94	< 0.0001*
Insulin (µU/ml)	230	19.4 ± 11.25	160	10.0 ± 5.21	< 0.0001
HOMA-IR	230	5.4 ± 4.08	147	2.4 ± 1.5	< 0.0001
HbA1c (%)	229	6.2 ± 1.1	155	5.7 ± 0.7	< 0.0001
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)	239	203.9 ± 41.51	181	204.7 ± 42.54	0.4949*
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)	225	48.1 ± 13.93	168	53.4 ± 12.48	< 0.0001*
Triglycerides (mg/dl)	239	148.8 ± 83.08	171	107.4 ± 56.29	< 0.0001
Systolic BP (mmHg)	194	132.3 ± 15.21	136	127.1 ± 12.9	0.0001
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	194	83.2 ± 9.24	136	80.3 ± 8.89	0.0004
Creatinine (mg/dl)	239	0.7 ± 0.15	167	0.7 ± 0.07	0.2882
Leptin (ng/ml)	52	39.5 ± 20.22	52	20.6 ± 12.4	< 0.0001*
Ferritin (ng/ml)	232	95.5 ± 100.98	181	83.3 ± 84.81	0.0164
Transferrin (mg/ml)	221	2.7 ± 0.49	155	2.6 ± 0.48	0.3279
Iron (µg/dl)	235	82.3 ± 31.08	181	85.8 ± 30.43	0.2195
Albumin (g/l)	232	57.9 ± 4.40	159	58.6 ± 4.38	0.8788
Calcium (mmol/l)	202	2.3 ± 0.11	163	2.4 ± 0.11	0.0055*
Sodium (mmol/l)	239	140.5 ± 2.42	181	141.0 ± 2.44	0.0014*
Supine PRA (ng/ml/h)	225	2.4 ± 4.63	115	1.3 ± 2.50	0.0035
Upright PRA (ng/ml/h)	224	4.1 ± 7.08	116	3.1 ± 6.09	0.1821
Supine ALD (ng/dl)	230	3.3 ± 2.53	113	2.9 ± 3.7	0.0005
Upright ALD (ng/dl)	230	8.2 ± 5.25	114	8.3 ± 8.2	0.0439
Upright ALD/PRA	215	5.2 ± 7.23	111	5.7 ± 6.9	0.8917
Urinary cortisol (ng/24 h)	180	114.1 ± 46.06	96	106.8 ± 45.5	0.0170*
Uric acid (mg/dl)	232	5.2 ± 1.20	181	4.7 ± 1.27	< 0.0001*
Hypoglycemic therapy^a	239	0.2 ± 1.4	157	0.3 ± 2.2	1.0000

BMI body mass index, FPG fasting plasma glucose, 1hPG 1-hour plasma glucose, 2hPG 2-hour plasma glucose, BP blood pressure, PRA plasma renin activity, ALD aldosterone
^{^}Non-parametric Wilcoxon Signed Rank test for paired data
*Paired T test
^aPills per day

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