High plasma renin activity associates with obesity-related diabetes and arterial hypertension, and predicts persistent hypertension after bariatric surgery

La Sala, Lucia; Tagliabue, Elena; Vieira, Elaine; Pontiroli, Antonio E; Folli, Franco

doi:10.1186/s12933-021-01310-w

Cardiovascular Diabetology

Table 1 Baseline details of all subjects in the study divided by glucose tolerance

From: High plasma renin activity associates with obesity-related diabetes and arterial hypertension, and predicts persistent hypertension after bariatric surgery

	NGT	IGT	T2D	Overall p^{^}	NGT vs. IGT*	NGT vs. T2D*	IGT vs. T2D*
N (M/W)	139 (26/113)	66 (10/56)	34 (7/27)	0.754
Age (yr)	37.5 ± 9.6	43.2 ± 10.0	46.2 ± 8.3	< 0.0001	0.0002	< 0.0001	0.2313
Weight (kg)	118.4 ± 20.3	119.4 ± 20.3	123.0 ± 21.4	0.4000	0.7711	0.1883	0.2709
BMI (kg/m²)	44.0 ± 5.8	44.2 ± 5.7	45.6 ± 5.7	0.1331	0.1847	0.0746	0.4498
Waist circum (cm)	120.6 ± 14.3	121.8 ± 12.4	129.5 ± 12.9	0.0029	0.3278	0.0011	0.0061
FPG (mg/dl)	97.3 ± 12.8	107.6 ± 18.1	165.5 ± 70.6	< 0.0001	0.0004	< 0.0001	< 0.0001
1hPG (mg/dl)	155.4 ± 44.2	201.0 ± 47.8	306.8 ± 94.7	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001
2hPG (mg/dl)	107.7 ± 20.9	163.4 ± 16.1	286.0 ± 82.1	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001
Insulin (µU/ml)	18.9 ± 11.8	18.1 ± 9.0	23.5 ± 16.9	0.1374	0.8736	0.0542	0.0844
HOMA-IR	4.6 ± 3.4	4.9 ± 2.9	9.2 ± 6.2	< 0.0001	0.2888	< 0.0001	< 0.0001
HbA1c (%)	5.8 ± 0.6	6.2 ± 0.7	7.8 ± 1.8	< 0.0001	0.0006	< 0.0001	< 0.0001
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)	201.3 ± 40.2	206.8 ± 40.2	215.1 ± 50.0	0.2396	0.2995	0.1225	0.4683
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)	48.5 ± 12.0	50.6 ± 18.0	41.8 ± 10.6	0.0126	0.9916	0.0051	0.0067
Triglycerides (mg/dl)	131.5 ± 72.1	144.9 ± 67.5	219.3 ± 115.6	< 0.0001	0.0418	< 0.0001	0.0010
Systolic BP (mmHg)	131.5 ± 15.4	131.4 ± 13.3	138.1 ± 17.6	0.1066	0.8417	0.0395	0.0761
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	82.4 ± 8.4	82.8 ± 9.4	87.8 ± 10.9	0.0113	0.8700	0.0032	0.0140
Hypertension (Y/N)	29/110	24/42	17/17	0.0019	0.0258	0.0011	0.4431
Creatinine (mg/dl)	0.7 ± 0.1	0.7 ± 0.1	0.7 ± 0.2	0.4839	0.2285	0.9787	0.4878
Leptin (ng/ml)	37.7 ± 18.4	41.3 ± 18.2	43.2 ± 37.1	0.6192	0.3873	0.7705	0.5264
Ferritin (ng/ml)	86.1 ± 92.1	83.6 ± 93.6	154.3 ± 178.2	0.0919	0.8618	0.0435	0.0362
Transferrin (mg/ml)	2.7 ± 0.45	2.7 ± 0.53	2.8 ± 0.58	0.8545	0.7821	0.5779	0.7808
Iron (µg/dl)	84.2 ± 33.15	78.9 ± 28.59	81.4 ± 26.65	0.5331	0.8963	0.3110	0.5068
Albumin (g/l)	58.2 ± 4.44	58.0 ± 3.63	56.6 ± 5.44	0.1826	0.8187	0.0855	0.1274
Calcium (mmol/l)	2.3 ± 0.1	2.3 ± 0.1	2.3 ± 0.1	0.2797	0.1082	0.6496	0.4999
Sodium (mmol/l)	140.6 ± 2.3	140.6 ± 2.3	140.3 ± 2.9	0.7137	0.8625	0.4656	0.4203
Supine PRA (ng/ml/h)	1.8 ± 2.3	2.2 ± 4.2	4.3 ± 8.0	0.2543	0.2775	0.3262	0.1229
Upright PRA (ng/ml/h)	3.2 ± 3.9	3.5 ± 5.2	7.5 ± 13.5	0.4492	0.2339	0.9617	0.3440
Supine ALD (ng/dl)	3.6 ± 2.7	3.1 ± 2.7	3.4 ± 1.9	0.1871	0.0932	0.8555	0.1464
Upright ALD (ng/dl)	8.4 ± 4.7	7.2 ± 5.0	9.7 ± 7.4	0.0739	0.0289	0.8127	0.1123
Upright ALD/PRA	5.0 ± 6.5	5.8 ± 9.2	5.2 ± 7.0	0.9172	0.9399	0.6749	0.7665
Urinary cortisol (ng/24 h)	117.6 ± 46.9	115.2 ± 42.1	110.2 ± 51.4	0.5540	0.7934	0.2833	0.4302
Uric acid (mg/dl)	5.1 ± 1.2	5.0 ± 1.1	5.4 ± 1.4	0.5677	0.5804	0.4695	0.2901
Hypoglycemic therapy^a	0.0 ± 0.0	0.0 ± 0.0	1.5 ± 3.3	< 0.0001	1.0000	< 0.0001	< 0.0001

NGT normal glucose tolerance, IGT impaired glucose tolerance, T2D type 2 diabetes, BMI body mass index, FPG fasting plasma glucose, 1hPG 1-hour plasma glucose, 2hPG 2-hour plasma glucose, BP blood pressure, PRA plasma renin activity, ALD aldosterone
^{^}Non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test
*Multiple comparisons are based on pairwise Wilcoxon test with Bonferroni adjustment (p < 0.0167 is considered statistically significant)
^aPills per day

Back to article page

ISSN: 1475-2840

Contact us

Submission enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com