Table 4 Changes from baseline to 9 weeks in parameters of cardiopulmonary capacity in patients without diabetes mellitus (adjusted for baseline)

Exercise time (s)

56.7 [46.1; 67.3]

13.6 [3.2; 24.1]

43.1 [24.0; 63.0]

VO₂ peak (ml/min/kg)

1.33 [0.92; 1.74]

0.07 [− 0.33; 0.48]

1.26 [0.50; 2.02]

Percent-predicted VO₂ (%)

4.02 [2.48; 5.56]

− 0.07 [− 1.60; 1.46]

4.09 [1.25; 6.92]

VAT (ml/kg/min)

1.45 [0.85; 2.06]

0.91 [0.30; 1.52]

0.54 [− 0.58; 1.67]

Ventilation at rest (l/min)

0.82 [0.34; 1.31]

− 0.01 [− 0.49; 0.47]

0.83 [− 0.06; 1.73]

Ventilation on peak exercise (l/min)

4.00 [2.59; 5.40]

− 0.16 [− 1.55; 1.23]

4.16 [1.57; 6.75]

Breathing rate at rest (1/min)

0.42 [− 0.10; 0.93]

− 0.17 [− 0.68; 0.33]

0.59 [− 0.35; 1.53]

Breathing rate on peak exercise (1/min)

1.04 [0.48; 1.60]

− 0.24 [− 0.79; 0.32]

1.28 [0.25; 2.31]

VE/VCO₂ slope

− 1.11 [− 2.30; 0.08]

0.33 [− 0.86; 1.51]

− 1.44 [− 3.64; 0.77]