Table 3 Changes from baseline to 9 weeks in parameters of cardiopulmonary capacity in patients with diabetes mellitus (adjusted for baseline)

Exercise time (s)

35.9 [21.0; 50.8]

23.9 [9.4; 38.4]

12.0 [− 15.1; 39.1]

VO₂ peak (ml/min/kg)

0.40 [− 0.18; 0.98]

− 0.15 [− 0.72; 0.41]

0.55 [− 0.50; 1.61]

Percent-predicted VO₂ (%)

1.69 [− 0.49; 3.86]

− 2.04 [− 4.16; 0.09]

3.73 [− 0.22; 7.66]

VAT (ml/kg/min)

− 0.22 [− 1.06; 0.62]

0.16 [− 0.73; 1.05]

− 0.38 [− 1.98; 1.21]

Ventilation at rest (l/min)

− 0.38 [− 1.07; 0.30]

− 0.04 [− 0.70; 0.63]

− 0.34 [− 1.60; 0.91]

Ventilation on peak exercise (l/min)

1.54 [− 0.44; 3.52]

0.54 [− 1.37; 2.46]

1.00 [− 2.60; 4.60]

Breathing rate at rest (1/min)

0.11 [− 0.61; 0.83]

0.30 [− 0.40; 0.99]

− 0.19 [− 1.50; 1.12]

Breathing rate on peak exercise (1/min)

0.77 [− 0.02; 1.55]

− 0.25 [− 1.01; 0.51]

1.02 [− 0.42; 2.45]

VE/VCO₂ slope

1.42 [− 0.25; 3.09]

− 0.10 [− 1.74; 1.54]

1.52 [− 1.55; 4.59]