Variability of risk factors and diabetes complications

Ceriello, Antonio; Prattichizzo, Francesco

doi:10.1186/s12933-021-01289-4

Cardiovascular Diabetology

Table 1 Summary of the studies showing an effect of blood pressure variability on the development of complications in patients with diabetes

From: Variability of risk factors and diabetes complications

Risk factor	Type of variability assessed	Short or long term variability	Metrics used	Type of study	Sample size	Significantly associated outcomes	Follow-up length	References
Systolic blood pressure	Visit-to-visit	Long-term	Standard deviation	Post-hoc analysis of trial	9114	MACE; microvascular outomes	2.4 years	[10]
				Post-hoc analysis of trial	9114	MACE, renal events, or death;	7.6 years	[11]
				Retrospective cohort study	124105	Newly developed CVD; all-cause mortality	39.5 months	[12]
				Retrospective cohort study	10163	Risk of CVD	24 months	[13]
				Prospective cohort study	632	MACE	11.3 years	[14]
				Post-hoc analysis of 2 trials	2739	Composite renal outcome	2.6/3.4 years	[16]
				Retrospective cohort study	30851	Composite renal outcome	4 years	[17]
			Coefficient of variation	Post-hoc analysis of 2 trials	9383 plus 1550	Heart failure development	56.6 months/59.5 months	[15]
				Retrospective cohort study	10163	Risk of CVD	24 months	[13]
				Retrospective cohort study	30851	Composite renal outcome	4 years	[17]
			Variation independent of mean	Retrospective cohort study	10163	Risk of CVD	24 months	[13]
			Average real variability	Retrospective cohort study	10163	risk of CVD	24 months	[13]
				Post-hoc analysis of 2 trials	9383 plus 1550	Heart failure related event	56.6 months/59.5 months	[15]
				Retrospective cohort study	30851	Composite renal outcome	4 years	[17]
			Successive variability of measurements	Retrospective cohort study	10163	Risk of CVD	24 months	[13]
Diastolic blood pressure	Visit-to-visit	Long-term	Coefficient of variation AND Average real variability	Post-hoc analysis of 2 trials	9383 plus 1550	Heart failure development	56.6 months/59.5 months	[15]

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ISSN: 1475-2840

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