| Bottom tertile (n = 203) | Middle tertile (n = 199) | Top tertile (n = 197) | P for trend |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex: male | 122 (60.1) | 119 (59.8) | 138 (70.1) | 0.040 |
Age (years) | 65.4 ± 8.6 | 65.8 ± 9.6 | 63.5 ± 9.2 | 0.046 |
Duration of diabetes (years) | 14.5 ± 8.3 | 13.5 ± 8.5 | 11.9 ± 7.9 | 0.002 |
Ever smoker | 101 (49.8) | 110 (55.3) | 116 (58.9) | 0.067 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.3 ± 3.4 | 24.5 ± 4.3 | 24.0 ± 3.6 |  < 0.001 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 131.5 ± 13.7 | 132.6 ± 16.7 | 131.6 ± 13.8 | 0.915 |
HbA1c (%) | 7.2 ± 0.9 | 7.0 ± 0.9 | 6.9 ± 0.7 | 0.001 |
HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 55.1 ± 9.8 | 53.1 ± 9.5 | 52.2 ± 7.3 | 0.001 |
FPG (mmol/L) | 7.83 ± 1.82 | 7.55 ± 1.67 | 7.52 ± 1.92 | 0.082 |
AST (U/L) | 23.2 ± 8.4 | 22.2 ± 7.7 | 23.4 ± 9.8 | 0.766 |
ALT (U/L) | 23.7 ± 12.9 | 21.9 ± 13 | 23.2 ± 13.9 | 0.706 |
γ-GTP (U/L) | 30.1 ± 26.9 | 28.9 ± 30.9 | 34.1 ± 41.6 | 0.243 |
Uric acid (μmol/L) | 310 ± 76 | 300 ± 71 | 315 ± 73 | 0.506 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.66 ± 0.80 | 4.80 ± 0.84 | 4.84 ± 0.77 | 0.034 |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.45 ± 0.36 | 1.60 ± 0.38 | 1.59 ± 0.46 |  < 0.001 |
log triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.240 ± 0.500 | 0.107 ± 0.491 | 0.088 ± 0.519 | 0.002 |
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.59 ± 0.68 | 2.66 ± 0.74 | 2.71 ± 0.58 | 0.078 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 69.4 ± 20.2 | 71.5 ± 16.7 | 69.3 ± 17.5 | 0.971 |
log u-Alb/Cr (mg/g) | 2.98 ± 1.53 | 2.86 ± 1.47 | 2.76 ± 1.49 | 0.141 |
Mean glucose (mmol/L) | 7.86 ± 1.77 | 7.69 ± 1.82 | 7.33 ± 1.39 | 0.002 |
Median glucose (mmol/L) | 7.50 ± 1.80 | 7.28 ± 1.88 | 6.97 ± 1.40 | 0.002 |
SD (mmol/L) | 2.04 ± 0.64 | 2.01 ± 0.56 | 1.84 ± 0.57 |  < 0.001 |
CV (%) | 25.9 ± 6.1 | 26.4 ± 5.7 | 24.9 ± 5.6 | 0.096 |
MAGE (mmol/L) | 5.53 ± 2.22 | 5.38 ± 1.79 | 4.92 ± 1.81 | 0.002 |
TIR (%): 3.9–10.0 mmol/L | 77.9 ± 19.0 | 79.9 ± 18.4 | 84.7 ± 15.0 |  < 0.001 |
TAR (%): > 10.0 mmol/L | 19.8 ± 19.5 | 17.9 ± 18.8 | 13.3 ± 15.3 |  < 0.001 |
TAR (%): > 13.9 mmol/L | 3.9 ± 8.0 | 3.5 ± 9.8 | 2.0 ± 5.7 | 0.015 |
TBR (%): < 3.9 mmol/L | 2.3 ± 4.9 | 2.2 ± 5.1 | 2.0 ± 4.1 | 0.614 |
TBR (%): < 3.0 mmol/L | 0.3 ± 1.3 | 0.4 ± 1.9 | 0.2 ± 0.8 | 0.313 |
HBGI | 5.67 ± 4.34 | 5.42 ± 4.84 | 4.27 ± 3.34 | 0.001 |
LBGI | 1.55 ± 1.73 | 1.65 ± 1.83 | 1.56 ± 1.35 | 0.964 |
MODD (mmol/L) | 1.78 ± 0.67 | 1.70 ± 0.58 | 1.57 ± 0.56 |  < 0.001 |
IQR (mmol/L) | 2.16 ± 0.78 | 2.11 ± 0.78 | 1.96 ± 0.68 | 0.006 |