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Table 2 Comparisons of clinical parameters between participants with and without intima-media thickness-thickening

From: Associations of continuous glucose monitoring-assessed glucose variability with intima-media thickness and ultrasonic tissue characteristics of the carotid arteries: a cross-sectional analysis in patients with type 2 diabetes

 

without IMT-thickening (n = 572)

with IMT-thickening (n = 28)

P value

Sex: male

359 (62.8)

20 (71.4)

0.353

Age (years)

64.8 ± 9.2

67.5 ± 7.9

0.123

Duration of diabetes (years)

13.3 ± 8.3

14.2 ± 8.6

0.561

Ever smoker

309 (54.0)

18 (64.3)

0.287

BMI (kg/m2)

24.6 ± 3.8

24.4 ± 3.1

0.800

Systolic BP (mmHg)

131.6 ± 14.6

139.9 ± 16.6

0.004

HbA1c (%)

7.1 ± 0.8

6.8 ± 0.7

0.108

HbA1c (mmol/mol)

53.6 ± 9.0

50.8 ± 7.4

0.108

FPG (mmol/L)

7.64 ± 1.81

7.47 ± 1.72

0.618

AST (U/L)

23.0 ± 8.8

22.3 ± 7.0

0.690

ALT (U/L)

23.1 ± 13.4

18.6 ± 8.8

0.077

γ-GTP (U/L)

31.3 ± 34.2

25.4 ± 17.2

0.373

Uric acid (μmol/L)

307 ± 73

328 ± 78

0.153

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.77 ± 0.81

4.67 ± 0.70

0.540

HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.55 ± 0.41

1.59 ± 0.40

0.602

log triglycerides (mmol/L)

0.149 ± 0.507

0.082 ± 0.507

0.494

LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

2.65 ± 0.68

2.64 ± 0.45

0.929

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)

70.3 ± 18.3

64.5 ± 15.2

0.099

log u-Alb/Cr (mg/g)

2.84 ± 1.48

3.47 ± 1.70

0.033

Mean glucose (mmol/L)

7.64 ± 1.70

7.35 ± 1.13

0.383

Median glucose (mmol/L)

7.27 ± 1.74

6.93 ± 1.24

0.303

SD (mmol/L)

1.96 ± 0.60

1.92 ± 0.46

0.710

CV (%)

25.7 ± 5.9

26.4 ± 6.1

0.562

MAGE (mmol/L)

5.29 ± 1.98

5.08 ± 1.52

0.587

TIR (%): 3.9–10.0 mmol/L

80.7 ± 18.0

84.1 ± 11.6

0.316

TAR (%): > 10.0 mmol/L

17.2 ± 18.4

13.4 ± 11.6

0.286

TAR (%): > 13.9 mmol/L

3.2 ± 8.2

1.3 ± 2.2

0.219

TBR (%): < 3.9 mmol/L

2.2 ± 4.7

2.5 ± 5.8

0.740

TBR (%): < 3.0 mmol/L

0.3 ± 1.4

0.5 ± 1.8

0.583

HBGI

5.15 ± 4.33

4.50 ± 2.24

0.427

LBGI

1.58 ± 1.65

1.67 ± 1.68

0.787

MODD (mmol/L)

1.69 ± 0.62

1.61 ± 0.46

0.477

IQR (mmol/L)

2.08 ± 0.76

1.90 ± 0.50

0.205

  1. Continuous data are presented as means ± standard deviations. Categorical data are presented as counts (percentages). Unpaired t-tests were used to evaluate the differences between the groups with and without intima-media thickness (IMT)-thickening for continuous variables. Chi-square tests were used for categorical variables. Mean-IMT ≥ 1.0 mm was defined as IMT-thickening
  2. BP blood pressure, FPG fasting plasma glucose, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, γ-GTP gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, u-Alb/Cr urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, SD standard deviation, CV coefficient of variation, MAGE mean amplitude of glycemic excursion, TIR time in range, TAR time above range, TBR time below range, HBGI high blood glucose index, LBGI low blood glucose index, MODD mean of daily differences, IQR interquartile range