Table 1 Baseline characteristics of individuals [without 2 diabetes (non-T2D) vs. type 2 diabetes (T2D)] undergoing carotid intervention
Non-T2D | T2D | P-value | SMD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 4162 | 1341 | ||
Age, mean (SD) | 72.21 (8.30) | 72.42 (7.72) | 0.416 | 0.026 |
Female, n (%) | 1372 (33.0) | 378 (28.2) | 0.010 | 0.104 |
Smoking, n (%) | 875 (25.8) | 248 (20.1) | < 0.001 | 0.134 |
History of comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
Cardiovascular disease (%) | 2265 (54.4) | 851 (63.5) | < 0.001 | 0.185 |
Stroke | 1989 (47.8) | 743 (55.4) | < 0.001 | 0.153 |
Myocardial infarction | 483 (11.6) | 243 (18.1) | < 0.001 | 0.184 |
Coronary heart disease | 1119 (26.9) | 539 (40.2) | < 0.001 | 0.285 |
Heart failure | 243 (5.8) | 138 (10.3) | < 0.001 | 0.164 |
Atrial fibrillation | 460 (11.1) | 216 (16.1) | < 0.001 | 0.148 |
Kidney disease | 150 (3.6) | 86 (6.4) | < 0.001 | 0.129 |
Cancer disease | 450 (10.8) | 137 (10.2) | 0.573 | 0.019 |
Gastric bypass | 2 (0.0) | 2 (0.1) | 0.541 | 0.032 |
Psychiatric disorder | 156 (3.7) | 41 (3.1) | 0.272 | 0.038 |
Dementia | 17 (0.4) | 5 (0.4) | 1.00 | 0.006 |
Degree of ipsilateral carotid stenosis, n (%)a | 0.52 | 0.036 | ||
≤ 50 | 229 (5.5) | 82 (6.1) | ||
50–69 | 1194 (28.7) | 397 (29.6) | ||
70–99 | 2737 (65.8) | 862 (64.3) | ||
Degree of contralateral carotid stenosis, n (%)a | 0.19 | 0.068 | ||
≤ 50 | 3105 (74.7) | 966 (72.0) | ||
50–69 | 454 (10.9) | 163 (12.2) | ||
70–99 | 349 (8.4) | 132 (9.8) | ||
Occlusion | 251 (6.0) | 80 (6.0) | ||
Symptomatic stenosis, n (%) | 3686 (88.6) | 1194 (89.0) | 0.669 | 0.015 |
Carotid endarterectomy, n (%) | 3993 (95.9) | 1269 (94.6) | 0.050 | 0.062 |
Peripheral arterial disease (%) | 175 (4.2) | 101 (7.5) | < 0.001 | 0.142 |
Medication, n (%) | ||||
Lipid lowering drug | 2623 (63.0) | 1061 (79.1) | < 0.001 | 0.361 |
Antihypertensive drug | 3192 (76.7) | 1222 (91.1) | < 0.001 | 0.401 |
ACE inhibitor | 1154 (27.7) | 533 (39.7) | < 0.001 | 0.256 |
Angiotensin II receptor blocker | 755 (18.1) | 331 (24.7) | < 0.001 | 0.160 |
Beta blocker | 1740 (41.8) | 777 (57.9) | < 0.001 | 0.327 |
Calcium chanel blocker | 1379 (33.1) | 640 (47.7) | < 0.001 | 0.301 |
Anticoagulant therapyb | 1434 (34.5) | 542 (40.4) | < 0.001 | 0.123 |
Acetylsalicylic acid | 2517 (60.5) | 897 (66.9) | < 0.001 | 0.134 |
P2Y12 inhibitor (Clopidogrel) | 757 (18.2) | 293 (21.8) | 0.003 | 0.092 |
Antihyperglycaemic agent, n (%) | ||||
Metformin | 0 (0.0) | 744 (55.5) | < 0.001 | 1.579 |
Sodium–glucose-transport-2 inhibitor | 0 (0.0) | 4 (0.3) | < 0.001 | 0.077 |
Incretinc | 0 (0.0) | 74 (5.5) | < 0.001 | 0.342 |
Insulin | 0 (0.0) | 492 (36.7) | < 0.001 | 1.077 |
Disposable income per month after tax, USD | 2078.3 (2609) | 1875.8 (204) | 0.009 | 0.086 |
Educational level, n (%) | 0.012 | 0.096 | ||
Compulsory school | 1658 (40.3) | 567 (42.8) | ||
Upper secondary | 1707 (41.5) | 562 (42.4) | ||
College/university | 753 (18.3) | 196 (14.8) | ||
Civil status, n (%) | 0.092 | 0.079 | ||
Single | 385 (9.3) | 132 (9.9) | ||
Married | 2294 (55.2) | 712 (53.1) | ||
Divorced | 822 (19.8) | 303 (22.6) | ||
Widowed | 657 (15.8) | 193 (14.4) | ||
Origin, n (%) | 0.015 | 0.088 | ||
Sweden | 3574 (85.9) | 1112 (82.9) | ||
Europe except Sweden | 298 (7.2) | 106 (7.9) | ||
Rest of the world | 290 (7.0) | 123 (9.2) | ||