Table 1 Baseline characteristics
| Â | Dapagliflozin | Glibenclamide | p |
|---|---|---|---|
n | 48 | 49 | Â |
Gender male, % | 60 | 61 | 1.0 |
Age, years | 57 ± 7 | 58 ± 7 | 0.4 |
T2DM duration, years | 9 ± 7 | 10 ± 7 | 0.28 |
Distal polyneuropathy, % | 42 | 41 | 1.0 |
Hypertension, % | 83 | 76 | 0.45 |
Prior smoking habit, % | 44 | 38 | 0.5 |
Sedentarity, % | 54 | 65 | 0.3 |
Heart rate, bpm | 71 ± 10 | 73 ± 10 | 0.28 |
Office systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 136 ± 12 | 138 ± 15 | 0.67 |
Office Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 81 ± 9 | 83 ± 9 | 0.4 |
24-h Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 124 ± 10 | 127 ± 11 | 0.1 |
24-h Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 73 ± 20 | 72 ± 21 | 0.88 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 31 ± 4 | 30 ± 5 | 0.76 |
Waist circumference, cm | 105 ± 11 | 103 ± 10 | 0.32 |
Fasting blood glucose, mg/dL | 174 ± 43 | 174 ± 57 | 0.99 |
HbA1c, % | 7.9 ± 0.9 | 7.9 ± 0.9 | 0.74 |
Plasma insulin, mUI/mL | 14.3 ± 6.7 | 15.5 ± 13.6 | 0.66 |
HOMA-IR | 6.2 ± 3.3 | 6.2 ± 3.9 | 0.66 |
LDL-cholesterol, mg/dL | 93 ± 30 | 96 ± 35 | 0.76 |
HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL | 41 ± 11 | 41 ± 10 | 0.62 |
Triglycerides, mg/dL | 179 ± 112 | 174 ± 94 | 0.76 |
Glomerular filtration rate, mL/min | 95 ± 20 | 92 ± 19 | 0.39 |
Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, mg/g | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.3 ± 0.3 | 0.29 |
Carotid IMT, mm | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.15 |
Carotid plaque, % | 79 | 74 | 0.6 |
Nitrate levels during FMD, nmol/L | Â | Â | Â |
 At baseline | 36.0 (22.5) | 30.0 (21.0) | 0.444 |
 At 1-min | 35.4 (18) | 29.2 (14.3) | 0.323 |
 At 5-min | 31.9 (19.2) | 28.7 (14.0) | 0.273 |
 AUC during the 5-min course of FMD | 69.9 (34) | 59.7 (31.9) | 0.436 |
Nitrite levels during FMD, nmol/L | Â | Â | Â |
 At baseline | 25.9 (15.0) | 24.2 (17.0) | 0.692 |
 At 1-min | 24.1 (13.0) | 25.0 (10.0) | 0.231 |
 At 5-min | 27.1 (17.0) | 25.6 (16.0) | 0.420 |
 AUC during the 5-min course of FMD | 50.0 (25) | 52.0 (22.0) | 0.111 |
Whole blood viscosity, cPs | 5.65 (0.72) | 5.49 (0.66) | 0.155 |
Rest FMD at 1Â min, % | 1.57 (5.29) | 1.23 (3.98) | 0.918 |
Post I/R FMD at 1Â min, % | 1.45 (5.54) | 1.03 (4.87) | 0.761 |
AUC of arterial diameter during the 5-min course of the Rest FMD, mm | 29.17 ± 4.92 | 28.65 ± 4.72 | 0.601 |
Peak of systolic velocity, cm/sec | Â | Â | Â |
 At baseline | 65.6 (34.5) | 65.1 (20.9) | 0.655 |
 At 1-min | 83.2 (30.9) | 84.2 (27.9) | 0.619 |
 At 5-min | 73.6 (29.0) | 73.0 (15.6) | 0.971 |
End diastolic velocity, cm/sec | Â | Â | Â |
 At baseline | 5.11 (1.7) | 4.93 (3.3) | 0.464 |
 At 1-min | 8.4 (6.8) | 6.8 (8.0) | 0.718 |
 At 5-min | 4.1 (2.3) | 4.0 (2.1) | 0.789 |
Resistive index | Â | Â | Â |
 At baseline | 0.92 (0.04) | 0.93 (0.04) | 0.084 |
 At 1-min | 0.90 (0.08) | 0.91 (0.09) | 0.36 |
| Â | 0.95 (0.03) | 0.94 (0.03) | 0.761 |