Table 1 Characteristics of study cohort
Warfarin | Apixaban | Dabigatran | Rivaroxaban | Maximum pairwise standardized difference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unweighted | Weighted | |||||
Subjects, n | 3454 | 3335 | 4210 | 2689 | ||
Age at index date, mean (sd) | 72.9 (12.2) | 78.1 (10.8) | 74.4 (10.3) | 74.9 (10.8) | 0.47 | 0.06 |
Female, n (%) | 1551 (44.9) | 1699 (50.9) | 2018 (47.9) | 1282 (47.7) | 0.12 | 0.03 |
Calendar year of index date, n (%) | ||||||
2014 | 704 (20.4) | 90 (2.7) | 403 (9.6) | 371 (13.8) | 0.64 | 0.1 |
2015 | 727 (21.0) | 256 (7.7) | 578 (13.7) | 525 (19.5) | 0.39 | 0.05 |
2016 | 670 (19.4) | 486 (14.6) | 785 (18.6) | 621 (23.1) | 0.22 | 0.01 |
2017 | 630 (18.2) | 886 (26.6) | 1045 (24.8) | 547 (20.3) | 0.19 | 0.03 |
2018 | 628 (18.2) | 1163 (34.9) | 1174 (27.9) | 524 (19.5) | 0.37 | 0.04 |
2019 | 95 (2.8) | 454 (13.6) | 225 (5.3) | 101 (3.8) | 0.41 | 0.05 |
Dispensing Institution by district, n (%) | ||||||
Hong Kong East | 365 (10.6) | 413 (12.4) | 454 (10.8) | 336 (12.5) | 0.06 | 0.02 |
Hong Kong West | 321 (9.3) | 490 (14.7) | 302 (7.2) | 317 (11.8) | 0.24 | 0.03 |
Kowloon Central | 661 (19.1) | 592 (17.8) | 904 (21.5) | 395 (14.7) | 0.17 | 0.02 |
Kowloon East | 399 (11.6) | 284 (8.5) | 370 (8.8) | 703 (26.1) | 0.52 | 0.04 |
Kowloon West | 582 (16.9) | 554 (16.6) | 777 (18.5) | 393 (14.6) | 0.1 | 0.02 |
New Territories East | 625 (18.1) | 689 (20.7) | 722 (17.1) | 333 (12.4) | 0.22 | 0.03 |
New Territories West | 501 (14.5) | 313 ( 9.4) | 681 (16.2) | 212 (7.9) | 0.26 | 0.04 |
Medical history, n (%) | ||||||
Congestive heart failure | 741 (21.5) | 636 (19.1) | 576 (13.7) | 413 (15.4) | 0.21 | 0.02 |
Stroke | 525 (15.2) | 706 (21.2) | 797 (18.9) | 460 (17.1) | 0.15 | 0.03 |
COPD | 313 (9.1) | 304 (9.1) | 338 (8.0) | 215 (8.0) | 0.04 | 0.04 |
Fall | 566 (16.4) | 637 (19.1) | 617 (14.7) | 420 (15.6) | 0.12 | 0.03 |
Fracture | 251 (7.3) | 299 ( 9.0) | 282 (6.7) | 214 (8.0) | 0.09 | 0.02 |
Chronic liver disease | 23 (0.7) | 16 (0.5) | 14 (0.3) | 4 (0.1) | 0.08 | 0.04 |
Osteoporosis | 37 (1.1) | 65 (1.9) | 51 (1.2) | 41 (1.5) | 0.07 | 0.004 |
Rheumatoid arthritis | 29 (0.8) | 39 (1.2) | 36 (0.9) | 22 (0.8) | 0.04 | 0.03 |
Chronic kidney disease | 187 (5.4) | 79 (2.4) | 42 (1.0) | 49 ( 1.8) | 0.28 | 0.05 |
Medication record in the past 90 days, n (%) | ||||||
ACE inhibitors | 1504 (43.5) | 1455 (43.6) | 1529 (36.3) | 1088 (40.5) | 0.15 | 0.02 |
Beta blockers | 2019 (58.5) | 1959 (58.7) | 2490 (59.1) | 1649 (61.3) | 0.06 | 0.02 |
Proton pump inhibitors | 1169 (33.8) | 1396 (41.9) | 1321 (31.4) | 877 (32.6) | 0.22 | 0.04 |
Systemic corticosteroids | 377 (10.9) | 324 ( 9.7) | 341 (8.1) | 222 (8.3) | 0.1 | 0.05 |
Anti-depressants | 162 (4.7) | 202 (6.1) | 199 (4.7) | 128 (4.8) | 0.06 | 0.004 |