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Table 1 Comparison of descriptive data between young people with type 1 diabetes mellitus and apparently healthy peers without diabetes

From: Association between physical activity level and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents living with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

 

T1DM (n = 48)

Peers without diabetes (n = 19)

  
 

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

p

Adjusted p

Sex (male/ female) (%)

37.5/62.5

 

42.1/57.9

 

0.129

 

Pubertal stage (n)

    

0.543

 

Stage 1 (Not started)

18

 

7

   

Stage 2 (Barely started)

8

1

 

Stage 3 (Definitely underway)

12

6

 

Stage 4 (Seems completed)

5

1

 

Stage 5 (Completed)

5

4

 

Ages (y)

14.02

2.89

13.58

3.46

0.601

 

Body mass (kg)

49.48

12.56

52.34

15.45

0.452

 

Height (m)

1.60

0.13

1.59

0.13

0.772

 

BMI (kg∙m−2)

18.97

3.10

20.38

3.32

0.119

 

BMI z-score

− 0.27

1.16

0.50

1.01

0.018*

 

Body fat (%)

29.28

9.54

28.42

6.61

0.765

0.084

Waist circumference (cm)

67.63

7.96

73.65

8.22

0.055

0.151

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

106.07

16.72

107.07

15.45

0.837

0.778

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

65.24

11.65

65.75

9.88

0.878

0.821

Total cholesterol (mmol∙L−1)

4.03

0.81

3.14

0.67

0.001*

0.001

HDL-C (mmol∙L−1)

1.48

0.28

1.29

0.42

0.078

0.184

LDL-C (mmol∙L−1)

2.31

0.72

1.74

0.38

0.005*

0.008

Triglycerides (mmol∙L−1)

0.89

0.31

0.60

0.40

0.012*

0.007

Estimated VO2max (mL∙kg−1∙min−1)

35.48

8.72

44.43

8.29

0.003*

0.003

METs (kcal∙h−1∙kg−1)‡

2.09

0.41

2.41

0.60

0.066

0.075

Physical activity counts (CPM)‡

346.87

101.97

451.01

133.52

0.004*

0.033

Light physical activity (min∙day−1)‡

335.93

120.16

449.33

89.55

0.002*

0.003

Percentage of time spent in Sedentary behaviour (%)‡

36.34

11.04

28.86

12.56

0.04*

0.095

  1. Data are presented as means and standard deviation (SD)
  2. T1DM type 1 diabetes mellitus, n number, y year, BMI body mass index, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, VO2max maximal aerobic power, METs metabolic equivalents, CPM counts-per-minute, adjusted p ANCOVA adjusted for BMI z-score
  3. *Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between T1DM and apparently healthy peers without diabetes
  4. ‡Sixteen of 19 apparently healthy participants not living with diabetes and 40 of 48 participants with T1DM had valid physical activity data