Fig. 5

Ang II-induced pro-atherothrombotic responses in ECs are dependent on oxidative stress and SGLT1 and 2. ECs are incubated with either (a, b) NAC (1 mM) for 2 h, VAS (1 µM), INDO (30 µM) or MKR (0.5, 1, 1 µM, respectively), and (c–i) SOTA (100 nM) or EMPA (100 nM) for 30 min before the addition of Ang II and the subsequent determination of (c–h) the expression level of target proteins by Western blot analysis, (i) the formation of NO in response to bradykinin as assessed by DAF-FM, and (j) the inhibitory effect of bradykinin-stimulated ECs on platelet aggregation induced by U46619 using an aggregometer. Results are shown as representative immunoblots, micrography of DAF-FM staining and platelet aggregation traces (upper and left panels) and corresponding cumulative data (lower and right panels). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM of n = 3. ^*P < 0.05 vs. control, and ^#P < 0.05 vs. Ang II (a–h, j) and bradykinin (i), and ^$P < 0.05 vs. Ang II + bradykinin (i)