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Table 2 Differences in echocardiographic and mechano-energetic efficiency parameters in men and women with NGT, prediabetes and newly diagnosed T2DM

From: Sex-specific differences in left ventricular mass and myocardial energetic efficiency in non-diabetic, pre-diabetic and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects

Echocardiographic variables

Women

Prediabetes vs. NGT

T2DM vs. NGT

Men

Prediabetes vs. NGT

T2DM vs. NGT

Women vs. men (NGT)

Women vs. men (prediabetes)

Women vs. men (T2DM)

NGT(n = 456)

Prediabetes (n = 274)

T2DM (n = 74)

P value§

P value§

NGT

(n = 314)

Prediabetes

(n = 321)

T2DM

(n = 123)

P value§

P value§

P values

P value

P value

LV end-systolic volume (LVESV) (ml)

29.1 ± 11

31 ± 17

31.3 ± 13

0.1

0.32

38.9 ± 19

41.7 ± 23

42.3 ± 24

0.24

0.21

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) (ml)

107.5 ± 28

108 ± 33

111 ± 32

0.77

0.38

135.4 ± 40

137.5 ± 47

134.8 ± 41

0.65

0.72

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

0.02

Interventricular septal thickness (IVS) (cm)

1.00 ± 0.2

1.05 ± 0.16

1.12 ± 0.16

0.07

0.003

1.13 ± 0.2

1.17 ± 0.15

1.17 ± 0.17

0.13

0.47

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

0.001

Posterior wall thickness (PWT) (cm)

0.85 ± 0.14

0.89 ± 0.16

0.91 ± 0.15

0.02

0.04

0.93 ± 0.14

0.96 ± 0.14

0.98 ± 0.15

0.04

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

0.001

LV mass index (LVMI) (g/m2)

95.8 ± 24

101.7 ± 26

114 ± 34

0.12

0.001

113.1 ± 27

120.7 ± 31

123.2 ± 33

0.08

0.01

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

0.06

Myocardial MEEi (ml/s g−1)

0.41 ± 0.12

0.36 ± 0.10

0.34 ± 0.08

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

0.38 ± 0.11

0.35 ± 0.09

0.33 ± 0.1

0.005

 < 0.0001

0.001

0.08

0.39

  1. Data are means ± SD, unless otherwise indicated. Comparisons between women and men were performed using unpaired Student’s t test. Comparisons between the three groups of glucose tolerance were performed using a general linear model with post hoc Fisher's least significant difference correction for pairwise comparisons. §P values refer to results after analyses with adjustment for age, smoking status, and antihypertensive therapy