Sex-specific differences in left ventricular mass and myocardial energetic efficiency in non-diabetic, pre-diabetic and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects

Succurro, Elena; Miceli, Sofia; Fiorentino, Teresa Vanessa; Sciacqua, Angela; Perticone, Maria; Andreozzi, Francesco; Sesti, Giorgio

doi:10.1186/s12933-021-01248-z

Cardiovascular Diabetology

Table 1 Differences in clinical characteristics of men and women with NGT, prediabetes, and newly diagnosed T2DM

From: Sex-specific differences in left ventricular mass and myocardial energetic efficiency in non-diabetic, pre-diabetic and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects

	Women			Prediabetes vs. NGT	T2DM vs. NGT	Men			Prediabetes vs. NGT	T2DM vs. NGT	Women vs. men (NGT)	Women vs. men (prediabetes)	Women vs. men (T2DM)
	NGT (n = 456)	Prediabetes (n = 274)	T2DM (n = 74)	P value^§	P value^§	NGT (n = 314)	Prediabetes (n = 321)	T2DM (n = 123)	P value^§	P value^§	P values	P value	P value
Age (yrs)	50 ± 8	54 ± 8	57 ± 8	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	49 ± 8	54 ± 8	55 ± 8	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.2	0.85	0.08
BMI (kg/m²)	28.8 ± 5.6	30.7 ± 5.5	32 ± 5.2	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	29.1 ± 4.5	30.1 ± 4.8	30 ± 4.7	0.005	0.01	0.38	0.16	0.01
Waist circumference (cm)	96.7 ± 13	101.7 ± 13	106.3 ± 12	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	102 ± 11	105 ± 12	104 ± 11	0.009	0.06	< 0.0001	0.005	0.21
Smoking status (never smokers/current smokers/ex-smokers) (%)	69/18/13	72/13/15	70/11/19	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	35/33/32	37/23/40	28/25/47	< 0.0001	0.06	< 0.0001	0.001	0.07
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	127 ± 17	130 ± 17	138 ± 18	0.21	0.002	132 ± 15	136 ± 16	135 ± 16	0.01	0.18	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.27
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	78 ± 11	80 ± 10	81 ± 11	0.06	0.45	84 ± 10	83 ± 10	83 ± 10	0.89	0.69	< 0.0001	0.001	0.14
Heart rate (beats min⁻¹)	70 ± 8	72 ± 10	72 ± 11	0.01	0.01	69 ± 10	70 ± 10	72 ± 10	0.38	0.002	0.04	0.01	0.93
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)	203 ± 39	214 ± 42	201 ± 39	0.006	0.21	204 ± 41	202 ± 38	196 ± 44	0.53	0.02	0.74	< 0.0001	0.38
HDL (mg/dl)	58 ± 13	54 ± 12	50 ± 15	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	45 ± 11	45 ± 11	43 ± 12	0.43	0.06	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.002
Triglycerides (mg/dl)	107 ± 59	133 ± 66	164 ± 107	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	143 ± 86	148 ± 78	164 ± 126	0.4	0.057	< 0.0001	0.01	0.99
Fasting Glucose (mg/dL)	87 ± 7	99 ± 11	133 ± 58	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	90 ± 6	103 ± 9	138 ± 51	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.54
2-h glucose (mg/dl)	105 ± 20	147 ± 28	230 ± 32	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	105 ± 20	139 ± 32	227 ± 45	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.92	0.001	0.7
HbA1c (%)	5.3 ± 0.3	5.6 ± 0.3	7.07 ± 1.5	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	5.4 ± 0.3	5.7 ± 0.3	7.02 ± 1.5	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.3	0.17	0.86
Fasting Insulin (µU/ml)	11 ± 6	14 ± 7	18 ± 12	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	13 ± 7	14 ± 8	16 ± 10	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.001	0.62	0.17
HOMA-IR	2.38 ± 1.3	3.5 ± 1.9	5.4 ± 4.8	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	2.8 ± 1.7	3.7 ± 2.1	5.5 ± 4.4	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.27	0.55
Antihypertensive therapy (%)	61.3	54.3	58	0.13	0.57	56.7	47.6	56	0.06	0.93	0.21	0.1	0.79
Lipid-lowering therapy (%)	13.5	16.4	17.4	0.54	0.26	14	11.2	14.7	0.28	0.41	0.7	0.06	0.45

Data are means ± SD, unless otherwise indicated. Categorical variables were compared by χ2 test. Comparisons between the three groups of glucose tolerance were performed using a general linear model with post hoc Fisher's least significant difference correction for pairwise comparisons. Comparisons between women and men were performed using unpaired Student’s t test. ^§P values refer to results after analyses with adjustment for age. Insulin, and triglyceride levels were log transformed for statistical analysis, but values in the table represent a back transformation to the original scale

Back to article page

ISSN: 1475-2840

Contact us

Submission enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com