Fig. 3
Changes in myocardial energetics, metabolic profile and ectopic fat stores at 12 weeks of treatment in humans. a Changes in glycosuria, blood ketone body levels, hematocrit and PCr/ATP ratio obtained by 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy in placebo and EMPA group. b Liver and pancreatic fat content assessed with 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy change between baseline and 12 weeks in placebo and EMPA group. c Visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat change measured at L4-L5 intervertebral disk level; Epicardial fat volume assessed on cine MRI short axis slices and myocardial fat assessed with 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy at the interventricular septum with a single-voxel PRESS sequence. Placebo (n = 16), EMPA (n = 18). Data represent mean values ± SEM. Differences between baseline and 12 weeks were determined by paired t-test/Wilcoxon test and differences between groups with ANOVA; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001