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Table 2 Independent predictors of composite MACCEs

From: Predictive effect of triglyceride‑glucose index on clinical events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and acute myocardial infarction: results from an observational cohort study in China

 

Univariate

Multivariate

HR (95%CI)

p value

Adjusted HR (95%CI)

p value

Insulin sensitivity surrogate index

 TyG index

  TyG ≤ 8.91

Reference

 

Reference

 

  8.91 < TyG < 9.54

1.33 (1.09,1.61)

0.004

1.58(1.33,1.88)

 < 0.001

  TyG ≥ 9.54

1.93 (1.61,2.32)

 < 0.001

2.32 (1.92,2.80)

 < 0.001

 TGs/HDL-C ratio

1.01 (0.99,1.03)

0.675

  

 SPISE index

0.98 (0.93,1.03)

0.318

  

Age, y

1.03 (1.01,1.04)

 < 0.001

1.02 (1.01,1.03)

 < 0.001

Male gender

1.04 (0.88.1.20)

0.642

  

BMI, kg/m2

1.02 (1.01,1.04)

0.046

0.99 (0.97,1.01)

0.357

SBP, mmHg

1.01 (0.99,1.02)

0.546

  

DBP, mmHg

0.99 (0.98,1.00)

0.461

  

Medical history

 Current/ex-Smoker

0.93 (0.80,1.07)

0.302

  

 Duration of diabetes, years

1.02 (1.01,1.03)

 < 0.001

1.02 (0.99,1.03)

0.857

 CKD

1.85 (1.43,2.40)

 < 0.001

  

 Stroke

1.59 (1.35,1.87)

 < 0.001

1.38 (1.16,1.63)

 < 0.001

 Hypertension

1.17 (0.98,1.39)

0.075

  

 Dyslipidemia

1.04 (0.90,1.21)

0.558

  

 Previous MI

1.15 (0.91,1.44)

0.243

  

 Past PCI

1.25 (1.04,1.50)

0.020

0.87 (0.71,1.08)

0.205

Medication used before admission

 Antiplatelet agent

1.25 (1.08,1.46)

0.004

0.95 (0.80,1.13)

0.542

 ACEI/ARB

1.09 (0.94,1.28)

0.261

  

 Beta-blocker

1.20 (0.98,1.45)

0.074

  

 Statins

1.15(0.96,1.38)

0.120

  

Laboratory values

 WBC,109/L

1.04 (1.02,1.05)

 < 0.001

1.03 (1.02,1.04)

 < 0.001

 Hemoglobin, g/L

0.98 (0.97,0.99)

 < 0.001

0.99 (0.98,1.01)

0.776

 Hs-CRP, mg/L

1.02 (1.01,1.03)

 < 0.001

  

 RBG at admission, mmol/L

1.02 (1.01,1.03)

0.042

  

 FPG, mmol/L

1.05 (1.03, 1.08)

 < 0.001

  

 HbA1c, %

1.04 (0.99,1.09)

0.066

  

 Albumin, g/L

0.97 (0.95,0.99)

0.004

1.01 (0.98,1.03)

0.826

 Creatinine, umol/L

1.02 (1.01,1.03)

 < 0.001

  

 eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2

0.98 (0.96,0.99)

 < 0.001

0.98(0.97,0.99)

0.004

 TC, mmol/L

1.01 (0.95,1.09)

0.673

  

 TGs, mmol/L

1.08 (1.01,1.12)

 < 0.001

  

 LDL-C, mmol/L

1.01 (0.92,1.11)

0.821

  

 HDL-C, mmol/L

0.94 (0.70,1.27)

0.705

  

Echocardiography

 LVEF,%

0.97 (0.96,0.98)

 < 0.001

0.98 (0.97,0.99)

 < 0.001

Angiography findings

 LM/three-disease

1.39 (1.19,1.62)

 < 0.001

1.15 (0.92,1.42)

0.222

 Proximal LAD

1.38 (1.20,1.60)

 < 0.001

1.13 (0.96,1.33)

0.150

In-hospital treatment

 PCI/CABG

0.52 (0.45,0.61)

 < 0.001

0.63 (0.53,0.74)

 < 0.001

 Antiplatelet agent

0.67 (0.49,0.94)

0.018

0.61 (0.42,0.88)

0.008

 ACEI/ARB

0.77 (0.66,0.89)

0.001

0.89 (0.76,1.05)

0.167

 Beta-blocker

0.75 (0.64,0.88)

 < 0.001

0.79 (0.67,0.94)

0.009

 Statins

0.56 (0.47,0.68)

 < 0.001

0.64 (0.52,0.78)

 < 0.001

Hypoglycemic agents

 Metformin

0.86 (0.74,1.01)

0.068

0.98 (0.83,1.16)

0.804

 Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

0.94 (0.81,1.08)

0.367

  

 Sulfonylurea

0.85 (0.71,1.02)

0.074

0.88(0.73,1.06)

0.174

 DPP-4i

0.78 (0.29,2.08)

0.619

  

 Insulin

1.40 (1.20,1.63)

 < 0.001

1.13(0.96,1.33)

0.139

  1. MACCEs, major adverse cardiac and cerebral events; TyG, triglyceride-glucose index; TGs, triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SPISE index, the Single Point Insulin Sensitivity Estimator; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; MI, myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; ACEI/ARB, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker; WBC, white blood cell; Hs-CRP, hypersensitive C-reactive protein; RBG, random blood glucose; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; TC, total cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LM, left main coronary artery; LAD, left anterior descending; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; DPP-4i, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor