Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics of the patients stratified by MACCEs
Variable | Total population n = 1932 | No-MACCEs n = 1197 | MACCEs n = 735 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Insulin sensitivity surrogate index | ||||
TyG index | 9.26 ± 0.73 | 9.17 ± 0.72 | 9.42 ± 0.72 | < 0.001 |
TyG ≤ 8.91 | 647 (33.5) | 467(39.0) | 180 (24.5) | < 0.001 |
8.91 < TyG < 9.54 | 639 (33.1) | 401(33.5) | 238 (32.4) | |
TyG ≥ 9.54 | 646 (33.4) | 329(27.5) | 317 (43.1) | |
TGs/HDL-C ratio | 3.6 (2.4,5.6) | 3.3(2.3,5.1) | 4.2 (2.7,6.3) | < 0.001 |
SPISE index | 5.9 ± 1.5 | 5.9 ± 1.5 | 5.8 ± 1.5 | 0.099 |
Age, years | 65.4 ± 12.0 | 64.1 ± 11.6 | 67.4 ± 12.4 | < 0.001 |
Male gender | 1324 (68.5) | 825(68.9) | 499 (67.9) | 0.636 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 25.8 ± 3.5 | 25.9 ± 3.5 | 25.6 ± 3.7 | 0.150 |
SBP, mmHg | 130.9 ± 22.2 | 130.3 ± 21.4 | 131.7 ± 23.5 | 0.187 |
DBP, mmHg | 73.8 ± 12.6 | 73.9 ± 12.3 | 73.7 ± 13.0 | 0.640 |
Medical history | ||||
Current/ex-Smoker | 1102 (57.0) | 698 (58.3) | 404 (55.0) | 0.149 |
Duration of diabetes, years | 6.0 (1.0,12.0) | 6.0 (1.0,10.0) | 8.0 (1.0,14.0) | < 0.001 |
CKD | 113 (5.8) | 51 (4.3) | 62 (8.4) | < 0.001 |
Stroke | 396 (20.5) | 206 (17.2) | 190 (25.9) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension | 1450 (75.1) | 887 (74.1) | 563 (76.6) | 0.218 |
Dyslipidemia | 931 (48.2) | 584 (48.8) | 347 (47.2) | 0.500 |
Previous MI | 218 (11.3) | 135 (11.3) | 83 (11.3) | 0.992 |
Past PCI | 321 (16.6) | 183 (15.3) | 138 (18.8) | 0.046 |
Medication used before admission | ||||
Antiplatelet agent | 618 (32.0) | 364 (30.4) | 254 (34.6) | 0.058 |
ACEI/ARB | 590(30.5) | 364(30.4) | 226(30.7) | 0.875 |
Beta-blocker | 291(15.1) | 171(14.3) | 120(16.3) | 0.223 |
Statins | 404(20.9) | 249(20.8) | 155(21.1) | 0.881 |
Laboratory values | ||||
WBC, 109/L | 8.1 (6.4,10.1) | 8.0 (6.5,9.9) | 8.2 (6.4,10.3) | 0.342 |
Hemoglobin, g/L | 132.3 ± 20.0 | 133.9 ± 19.2 | 129.8 ± 20.9 | < 0.001 |
Hs-CRP, mg/L | 12.2 (5.4,12.5) | 12.1 (6.3,12.5) | 12.3 (4.7,15.0) | 0.006 |
RBG at admission, mmol/L | 11.1 (8.3,14.3) | 10.8 (8.1,14.0) | 11.5 (8.5,14.6) | 0.026 |
FPG, mmol/L | 8.0 (6.3,10.4) | 7.9 (6.2,10.1) | 8.3 (6.4,11.1) | 0.001 |
HbA1c,% | 7.8 ± 1.7 | 7.8 ± 1.7 | 7.8 ± 1.6 | 0.220 |
Albumin, g/L | 36.0 ± 3.2 | 36.2 ± 3.0 | 35.8 ± 3.5 | 0.015 |
Creatinine, umol/L | 80.9 (68.4,95.5) | 77.5 (66.2,92.2) | 85.9 (72.3,106.0) | < 0.001 |
eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2 | 82.1 (63.2,98.5) | 86.9 (68.8,101.8) | 74.2 (56.1,90.9) | < 0.001 |
TC, mmol/L | 4.38 (3.68,5.04) | 4.41(3.69,5.10) | 4.35 (3.65,5.00) | 0.276 |
TGs, mmol/L | 1.51 (1.07,2.26) | 1.40 (1.01,2.09) | 1.78 (1.24,2.55) | < 0.001 |
LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.58 ± 0.79 | 2.60 ± 0.79 | 2.56 ± 0.79 | 0.315 |
HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.01 ± 0.24 | 1.00 ± 0.24 | 1.02 ± 0.25 | 0.253 |
Initial diagnosis | ||||
NSTEMI | 1042 (53.9) | 630 (52.6) | 412 (56.1) | 0.143 |
STEMI | 890 (46.1) | 567 (47.4) | 323 (43.9) | |
Echocardiography | ||||
LVEF | 57.4 ± 10.3 | 58.8 ± 9.4 | 55.0 ± 11.3 | < 0.001 |
Angiography findings | ||||
LM/three-vessel | 1369 (70.9) | 881 (73.6) | 488 (66.4) | 0.001 |
Proximal LAD | 948 (49.1) | 631 (52.7) | 317 (43.1) | < 0.001 |
In-hospital treatment | ||||
PCI/CABG | 1501 (77.7) | 1003 (83.8) | 498 (67.8) | < 0.001 |
Antiplatelet agent | 1854 (96.0) | 1157 (96.7) | 697 (94.8) | 0.047 |
ACEI/ARB | 1291 (66.8) | 816 (68.2) | 475 (64.6) | 0.108 |
Beta-blocker | 1434 (74.2) | 905 (75.6) | 529 (72.0) | 0.076 |
Statins | 1673 (86.6) | 1072 (89.6) | 601 (81.8) | < 0.001 |
Hypoglycemic agents | ||||
Metformin | 655 (33.9) | 437 (36.5) | 218 (29.7) | 0.002 |
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor | 1209 (62.6) | 760 (63.5) | 449 (61.1) | 0.289 |
Sulfonylurea | 434 (22.5) | 281 (23.5) | 153 (20.8) | 0.174 |
DPP-4i | 20 (1.0) | 16 (1.3) | 4 (0.5) | 0.095 |
Insulin | 577 (29.9) | 312 (26.1) | 265 (36.1) | < 0.001 |