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Table 1 Baseline characteristics according to gender and glycaemic category

From: Gender differences in screening for glucose perturbations, cardiovascular risk factor management and prognosis in patients with dysglycaemia and coronary artery disease: results from the ESC-EORP EUROASPIRE surveys

 

Previously known diabetes

Newly detected dysglycaemia

Women (n = 1342)

Men (n = 3454)

P-value

Women (n = 1049)

Men (n = 2980)

P-valuea

Age (years)

66.6 (8.7)

64.6 (8.9)

< 0.0001

66.8 (8.9)

64.0 (9.6)

< 0.0001

Low educational level

24.5 (324/1323)

16.1 (548/3401)

< 0.0001

19.9 (208/1046)

15.4 (456/2960)

0.0010

Currently smoking

16.1 (216/1342)

29.0 (1002/3454)

< 0.0001

22.1 (232/1049)

33.1 (987/2980)

< 0.0001

Persistent smoking

53.7 (116/216)

53.0 (531/1002)

0.88

48.3 (112/232)

44.9 (443/987)

0.38

Physical activity level on target

45.8 (594/1297)

55.2 (1852/3358)

< 0.0001

51.5 (528/1026)

57.0 (1665/2922)

0.0024

Medical history

 

 Hypertension

87.2 (1158/1328)

79.5 (2712/3410)

< 0.0001

80.8 (841/1041)

73.7 (2172/2947)

< 0.0001

 Dyslipidaemia

78.4 (1011/1289)

75.0 (2496/3327)

0.016

75.0 (766/1021)

68.9 (1977/2869)

0.00023

Anthropometrics—vitals

 BMI (kg/m2)

31.6 (5.9)

30.1 (4.8)

0.0001

29.8 (5.5)

29.0 (4.3)

0.0023

 Obesity

57.7 (754/1306)

45.6 (1550/3396)

0.0001

43.9 (460/1048)

36.6 (1089/2977)

< 0.0001

 Central obesity

86.7 (1080/1246)

63.6 (2077/3266)

< 0.0001

77.3 (789/1021)

54.2 (1577/2909)

< 0.0001

 SBP (mmHg)

138.3 (20.3)

137.2 (18.9)

0.18

134.4 (19.5)

134.2 (18.6)

0.99

 DBP (mmHg)

79.3 (11.6)

80.1 (11.0)

0.036

79.3 (11.3)

80.3 (11.0)

0.0011

 Heart rate (bpm)

70.9 (11.2)

68.8 (11.1)

< 0.0001

69.1 (11.1)

67.9 (11.4)

0.0018

Laboratory central assessment

 LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.52 (1.04)

2.21 (0.90)

< 0.0001

2.76 (1.08)

2.46 (0.91)

< 0.0001

 HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.15 (0.31)

1.03 (0.26)

< 0.0001

1.29 (0.31)

1.12 (0.26)

< 0.0001

 Total C (mmol/L)

4.56 (1.38)

4.08 (1.14)

< 0.0001

4.74 (1.22)

4.31 (1.10)

< 0.0001

 Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.99 (1.66)

1.91 (1.56)

0.0005

1.55 (0.81)

1.62 (1.05)

0.83

 FPG (mmol/L)

n.a

n.a

n.a

6.53 (0.97)

6.63 (1.08)

0.0072

 2 h-PG (mmol/L)

n.a

n.a

n.a

9.81 (2.37)

9.65 (2.51)

0.070

 HbA1c (NGSP, %)—(IFCC, mmol/mol)b

7.36 (1.70)—57

7.07 (1.49)—54

< 0.0001

5.80 (0.46)—40

5.79 (0.56)—40

0.014

 Creatinine (µmol/L)

85.3 (53.7)

97.9 (53.2)

< 0.0001

78.0 (28.5)

93.4 (37.5)

< 0.0001

 eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)

89.2 (24.5)

76.9 (21.2)

< 0.0001

93.9 (20.2)

78.5 (18.1)

< 0.0001

Pharmacological treatment

 RAAS blockers

80.5 (1070/1329)

79.7 (2723/3418)

0.55

72.8 (759/1042)

76.0 (2251/2963)

0.046

 Beta blockers

85.7 (1138/1328)

83.7 (2860/3419)

0.084

83.3 (869/1043)

82.5 (2444/2964)

0.54

 Antiaggregants

93.7 (1242/1325)

93.1 (3184/3419)

0.48

91.3 (952/1043)

92.6 (2747/2965)

0.16

 Lipid lowering

83.7 (1112/1329)

87.6 (2991/3414)

0.00046

83.2 (866/1041)

85.7 (2540/2963)

0.055

 Statins

82.5 (1097/1329)

86.5 (2952/3414)

0.00071

82.1 (855/1041)

85.0 (2519/2963)

0.030

 Ezetimibe

3.1 (41/1329)

3.1 (105/3419)

1.00

2.2 (23/1043)

2.5 (75/2966)

0.64

 All four above

58.6 (775/1323)

58.9 (2009/3413)

0.87

52.0 (541/1040)

55.0 (1628/2960)

0.10

 Diuretics

48.2 (640/1329)

41.5 (1420/3418)

< 0.0001

37.2 (388/1042)

29.3 (869/2964)

< 0.0001

 Glucose-lowering drugs

92.7 (1244/1342)

91.6 (3162/3451)

0.24

n.a

n.a

n.a

 Antidepressant/antianxiety drugs

9.6 (128/1330)

7.1 (224/3418)

0.004

9.8 (102/1042)

5.2 (155/2963)

< 0.0001

Advice on lifestyle changes

 Stop smoking

83.7 (169/202)

86.2 (833/966)

0.38

84.9 (191/225)

84.5 (792/937)

1.00

 Healthy diet

91.2 (1105/1212)

89.4 (2849/3186)

0.093

83.6 (806/964)

85.8 (2347/2734)

0.10

 Weight loss

72.8 (929/1276)

74.0 (2463/3327)

0.41

63.9 (647/1012)

67.4 (1953/2898)

0.049

 Increase physical activity

59.7 (762/1277)

65.6 (2176/3315)

0.00018

58.8 (597/1016)

63.3 (1821/2879)

0.012

Actions taken to change lifestyle

 Stop smoking

79.7 (165/207)

76.0 (728/958)

0.28

85.8 (193/225)

82.0 (769/938)

0.20

 Healthy diet

89.9 (1064/1183)

89.1 (2809/3152)

0.47

90.1 (858/952)

89.0 (2385/2679)

0.36

 Weight loss

58.8 (741/1260)

61.3 (2021/3299)

0.14

58.0 (583/1006)

60.1 (1720/2861)

0.23

 Increase physical activity

25.0 (301/1203)

33.5 (1065/3183)

< 0.0001

32.3 (307/ 951)

40.2 (1100/2738)

< 0.0001

 Attended a CPRP

27.0 (355/1315)

33.7 (1147/3404)

< 0.0001

32.1 (332/1035)

35.7 (1052/2943)

0.034

 Attended a DEP

25.8 (314/1217)

26.0 (809/3116)

0.94

n.a

n.a

n.a

Quality of life assessment

 EQ-5D VAS score

56.1 (26.3)

60.6 (27.5)

< 0.0001

59.2 (27.1)

63.4 (27.7)

< 0.0001

 HeartQoL Global score

1.79 (0.72)

2.14 (0.67)

< 0.0001

1.97 (0.70)

2.27 (0.62)

< 0.0001

 HeartQoL Physical score

1.81 (0.74)

2.17 (0.70)

< 0.0001

2.00 (0.72)

2.31 (0.64)

< 0.0001

 HeartQoL Emotional score

1.73 (0.78)

2.08 (0.72)

< 0.0001

1.91 (0.77)

2.18 (0.69)

< 0.0001

  1. Cell entries are % (n/total number) or mean (SD)
  2. Italic values indicate statistically significant p-values
  3. 2 h-PG 2-h post-load glucose, BMI Body Mass Index, CPRP Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation Programme, DBP diastolic blood pressure, DEP diabetes educational programme, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, EQ-5D EuroQol 5D Questionnaire, FG fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c glycated haemoglobin, HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol, Heart QoL Heart Quality of Life, IFCC International Federation of Clinical Chemistry, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, NGSP National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program, RAAS renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, SBP systolic blood pressure, T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, Total C total cholesterol, VAS visual analogue scale
  4. asignificance level for testing differences between men and women in each diagnostic group
  5. bmean HbA1c levels were converted using the NGSP calculator at http://www.ngsp.org/convert1.asp
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840