Table 1 Patient characteristics
Available data | Total | |
|---|---|---|
Clinical characteristics | ||
Age (years) | n = 409 | 57.1 ± 12.4 |
Gender (Male/Female) | n = 409 | 218/191 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | n = 403 | 29.1 ± 5.9 |
Overweight or obese | n = 403 | 325 (79.5) |
Obese | n = 403 | 158 (38.6) |
Ethnicity | n = 408 | |
Caucasian | 88 (21.5) | |
Sub-Saharan Africa—Antilles | 103 (25.2) | |
Middle East, North Africa | 146 (35.7) | |
Asia | 57 (14.0) | |
Other | 14 (3.4) | |
Diabetes | ||
Type | n = 409 | |
Type 1 | 56 (13.7) | |
Type 2 | 318 (77.8) | |
Other | 35 (8.6) | |
Treatment | ||
Oral antidiabetic agents | n = 408 | 295 (72.1) |
Glucagon-like peptid 1 agonists | n = 408 | 75 (18.3) |
Insulin | n = 408 | 252 (61.6) |
Time since diagnosis (years) | n = 409 | 14.0 ± 10.2 |
HbA1c, % | n = 403 | 9.0 ± 2.3 |
Retinopathy | n = 392 | 160 (39.1) |
Macular edema | n = 382 | 44 (10.8) |
Nephropathy | n = 390 | 148 (36.2) |
Albuminuria | n = 389 | 135 (33.0) |
Renal failure | n = 409 | 39 (9.5) |
Neuropathy | n = 401 | 163 (39.9) |
Peripheral arterial occlusive disease | n = 409 | 37 (9.0) |
History of stroke | n = 409 | 13 (3.2) |
History of heart failure | n = 356 | 5 (1.2) |
Coronary artery disease (CAD) | n = 409 | 4 (1.0) |
Additional cardiovascular risk factors | ||
Family history of premature CAD | n = 149 | 33 (8.1) |
Hypertension | n = 408 | 224 (54.8) |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | n = 408 | 135 ± 18 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | n = 408 | 77 ± 13 |
Dyslipidemia | n = 408 | 238 (58.2) |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | n = 409 | 4.4 ± 1.2 |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | n = 409 | 1.2 ± 0.4 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | n = 409 | 1.7 ± 1.2 |
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | n = 406 | 2.4 ± 0.9 |
Non HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | n = 409 | 3.2 ± 1.1 |
Current smoking | n = 409 | 71 (17.4) |
Smoking history (pack-year) | n = 386 | 8.2 ± 16.6 |
Computed tomography results | ||
Epicardial adipose tissue volume (cm3) | n = 409 | 92 ± 37 |
CAC score (Agatston unit) | n = 409 | 116 ± 332 |