Table 2 Demographic, clinical, laboratory findings and treatment of obstructive-AMI and MINOCA patients, according to admission to hyperglycemia
Obstructive-AMI N = 2450 | MINOCA N = 239 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
aHGL N = 977 | aNGL N = 1473 | p-value | aHGL N = 40 | aNGL N = 199 | p-value | |
Age, years, median (IQR) | 72.0 (62.0–80.0) | 68.0 (58.0–78.0) | < 0.001 | 74 (67–81) | 68 (53 – 77) | 0.001 |
Gender Female, n (%) | 280 (28.7) | 383 (26) | 0.1 | 28 (70) | 129 (64.8) | 0.5 |
BMI Kg/m2, median (IQR) | 26.8 (24.2–30.3) | 26.2 (23.9–29.0) | 0.001 | 25.9 (22.8–29.2) | 25.6 (22.4 – 28.2) | 0.6 |
Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||||
Current/past smoking, n (%) | 547 (56.3) | 908 (62.4) | 0.007 | 13 (32.5) | 88 (44.7) | 0.1 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 720 (74.2) | 967 (65.9) | < 0.001 | 30 (75) | 129 (65.2) | 0.2 |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 595 (61.3) | 898 (61.2) | 0.9 | 21 (52.5) | 123 (61.8) | 0.3 |
Type-2 diabetes, n (%) | 477 (48.8) | 113 (7.7) | < 0.001 | 12 (30.0) | 11 (5.5) | < 0.001 |
Medical history | ||||||
Previous AMI, n (%) | 238 (24.5) | 290 (19.8) | 0.006 | 2 (5.4) | 18 (9.8) | 0.4 |
Previous stroke, n (%) | 80 (8.2) | 79 (5.4) | 0.005 | 2 (5.0) | 11 (5.5) | 0.8 |
COPD, n (%) | 122 (12.5) | 152 (10.3) | 0.09 | 5 (12.5) | 21 (10.6) | 0.7 |
PAD, n (%) | 103 (10.6) | 85 (5.8) | < 0.001 | 2 (5) | 5 (2.5) | 0.4 |
Clinical presentations | ||||||
Angina, n (%) | 813 (83.7) | 1337 (91) | < 0.001 | 28 (70) | 170 (85.4) | 0.02 |
HR, median (IQR) | 81 (70–97) | 75 (65–88) | < 0.001 | 95 (76–134) | 80 (66 – 93) | < 0.001 |
SBP, median (IQR) | 140 (120–160) | 140 (120–160) | 0.5 | 140 (118–160) | 140 (120 – 155) | 0.7 |
DBP, median (IQR) | 80 (70–90) | 80 (70–90) | 0.3 | 80 (70–85) | 80 (70 – 90) | 0.4 |
Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 103 (10.6) | 93 (6.4) | < 0.001 | 13 (32.5) | 14 (7.1) | < 0.001 |
STEMI, n (%) | 468 (47.9) | 648 (43.9) | 0.057 | 5 (12.5) | 23 (11.6) | 0.8 |
Laboratory parameters | ||||||
Hemoglobin g/dL, median (IQR) | 13.6 (12.1–15.0) | 14.0 (12.7–15.1) | 0.001 | 13.2 (12.1–14.8) | 13.4 (12.1 – 14.5) | 0.9 |
Admission BGL level mg/dL, median (IQR) | 183 (157–238) | 111 (99–122) | < 0.001 | 183 (154–227) | 104 (93 – 117) | < 0.001 |
Discharge BGL level, mg/dl, median (IQR) | 114 (97–145) | 98 (85–112) | < 0.001 | 105 (92–127) | 97 (85.0 – 111) | 0.02 |
HbA1c, mmol/mol, median (IQR) | 47 (40–60) | 37 (34–40) | < 0.001 | 40 (37–50) | 36 (32 – 40) | 0.003 |
Creatinine mg/dl, median (IQR) | 1.0 (0.9–1.3) | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | < 0.001 | 1.0 (0.7–1.2) | 0.8 (0.7 – 1.0) | 0.04 |
C-TOT, mg/dL median (IQR) | 181 (149–216) | 192 (161–222) | < 0.001 | 169 (151–205) | 197 (167 – 224) | 0.03 |
C-LDL, mg/dL median (IQR) | 111 (85–139) | 121 (93–149) | < 0.001 | 97 (84–127) | 118 (97 – 144) | 0.04 |
Tryglicerides, median (IQR) | 116 (84–165) | 112 (83–153) | 0.02 | 116 (89–143) | 111 (80 – 153) | 0.8 |
Admission medical therapy | ||||||
Aspirin, n (%) | 374 (38.6) | 501 (34.2) | 0.03 | 8 (20) | 50 (25.1) | 0.5 |
P2Y12 Inhibitor,s n (%) | 99 (10.2) | 110 (7.5) | 0.02 | 2 (5) | 9 (4.5) | 0.9 |
Beta-blockers, n (%) | 401 (41.4) | 520 (35.6) | 0.004 | 17 (42.5) | 60 (30.2) | 0.1 |
RAAS inhibitors, n (%) | 504 (52) | 659 (45.1) | 0.002 | 23 (57.5) | 64 (32.2) | 0.002 |
Statins, n (%) | 297 (30.7) | 395 (27) | 0.048 | 15 (37.5) | 51 (25.6) | 0.1 |
Admission glucose-lowering agents | ||||||
Insulin sensitizers (metformin), n (%) | 259 (31.4) | 69 (4.3) | < 0.001 | 5 (14.7) | 8 (4) | 0.01 |
Insulin providers (sulfonylureas), n (%) | 160 (19.4) | 37 (2.3) | < 0.001 | 3 (8.8) | 2 (1.0) | 0.004 |
DPP-4 Inhibitors, n (%) | 29 (3.5) | 6 (0.4) | < 0.001 | 1 (2.9) | 1 (0.5) | 0.1 |
GLP-1 Agonist, n (%) | 7 (0.8) | 2 (0.1) | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0.99 |
SGLT-2 Inhibitors, n (%) | 3 (0.4) | 2 (0.1) | 0.06 | 0 | 0 | 0.99 |
Insulin, n (%) | 120 (14.6) | 27 (1.7) | < 0.001 | 2 (5.9) | 0 | 0.001 |
PCI total, n (%) | 809 (83) | 1213 (82.8) | 0.9 | 0 | 0 | 0.99 |
PCI NSTEMI, n (%) | 325 (75.9) | 586 (76.4) | 0.85 | 0 | 0 | 0.99 |