Variable | Q1 (n = 617) | Q2 (n = 622) | Q3 (n = 615) | Q4 (n = 617) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 59.9 ± 5.6 | 61.2 ± 6.2 | 61.7 ± 6.5 | 63.34 ± 7.6 | < 0.001 |
Male, n (%) | 222 (36) | 283 (46) | 332 (54) | 377 (61) | < 0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 76.2 ± 6.2 | 82.2 ± 6.1 | 85.4 ± 6.4 | 91.3 ± 7.7 | < 0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.2 ± 2.2 | 24.1 ± 2.2 | 25.2 ± 2.4 | 26.9 ± 2.9 | < 0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 112 ± 14 | 115 ± 14 | 117 ± 14 | 120 ± 13 | < 0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 72 ± 8 | 74 ± 9 | 75 ± 9 | 76 ± 9 | < 0.001 |
Heart rate (bpm) | 62 ± 7 | 63 ± 7 | 62 ± 9 | 62 ± 7 | 0.691 |
Hypertension (%) | 20 | 33 | 41 | 53 | < 0.001 |
Hypertension treatment (%) | 16 | 27 | 34 | 45 | < 0.001 |
Diabetes (%) | 9 | 12 | 13 | 22 | < 0.001 |
Diabetes treatment (%) | 8 | 10 | 13 | 21 | < 0.001 |
Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 94 ± 17 | 99 ± 26 | 100 ± 24 | 104 ± 25 | < 0.001 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.7 ± 0.7 | 5.9 ± 1.0 | 5.9 ± 0.7 | 6.1 ± 1.0 | < 0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 196 ± 36 | 191 ± 34 | 190 ± 38 | 186 ± 36 | < 0.001 |
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 51 ± 13 | 47 ± 12 | 45 ± 11 | 43 ± 10 | < 0.001 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 115 ± 64 | 128 ± 78 | 142 ± 79 | 153 ± 87 | < 0.001 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.92 ± 0.16 | 0.96 ± 0.18 | 0.99 ± 0.19 | 1.02 ± 0.19 | < 0.001 |
Current smoker (%) | 7 | 8 | 12 | 14 | < 0.001 |
Current alcohol drinker (%) | 36 | 42 | 47 | 51 | < 0.001 |
Physical activity (MET-min/week) | 175 ± 223 | 181 ± 230 | 161 ± 218 | 180 ± 245 | 0.383 |
Pericardial adipose tissue (cm3) | 176 ± 22 | 226 ± 12 | 267 ± 13 | 342 ± 45 | < 0.001 |