Table 1 Baseline characteristics after propensity score matching
| Â | SGLT2 inhibitors | DPP4 inhibitors | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Patients, n | 2028 | 8112 | Â |
Age, mean years (SD) | 60.9 (11.8) | 61.3 (12.6) | 0.285 |
Female, n (%) | 1125 (55.5) | 4617 (56.9) | 0.241 |
HbA1c, mean % (SD) | 8.7 (1.8) | 8.6 (1.9) | 0.063 |
Body weight, mean kg (SD) | 71.6 (13.7) | 70.9 (14.1) | 0.070 |
SBP, mean mmHg (SD) | 138.5 (19.9) | 138.6 (20.5) | 0.830 |
ALT, mean U/l (SD) | 34.3 (32.2) | 32.9 (31.2) | 0.069 |
eGFR, mean ml/min/1.73Â m2 (SD) | 92.2 (29.4) | 89.9 (39.0) | 0.004 |
Hospital levels, n (%) | 0.487 | ||
 Medical centers | 1116 (55.0) | 4583 (56.5) |  |
 Regional hospitals | 537 (26.5) | 2069 (25.5) |  |
 District hospitals | 375 (18.5) | 1460 (18.0) |  |
Cardiovascular diseases, n (%) | |||
 Hypertension | 1335 (65.8) | 5336 (65.8) | 0.967 |
 Hyperlipidemia | 1312 (64.7) | 5418 (66.8) | 0.074 |
 Coronary heart disease | 396 (19.5) | 1543 (19.0) | 0.605 |
 Peripheral artery disease | 25 (1.2) | 143 (1.8) | 0.094 |
 Heart failure | 131 (6.5) | 539 (6.6) | 0.764 |
 Ischemic stroke | 91 (4.5) | 355 (4.4) | 0.828 |
Diabetes complications, n (%) | |||
 Diabetic retinopathy | 117 (5.8) | 529 (6.5) | 0.215 |
 Diabetic neuropathy | 159 (7.8) | 670 (8.3) | 0.538 |
 Diabetic nephropathy | 373 (18.4) | 1516 (18.7) | 0.760 |
Liver cirrhosis | 54 (2.7) | 165 (2.0) | 0.082 |
Cancer | 180 (8.9) | 679 (8.4) | 0.465 |
CCI score, mean (SD) | 2.5 (1.6) | 2.5 (1.6) | 0.546 |
Previous hospitalization, n (%) | 436 (21.5) | 1637 (20.2) | 0.188 |
Background anti-diabetes medications, n (%) | |||
 Metformin | 1691 (83.4) | 6805 (83.9) | 0.581 |
 Sulfonylurea | 887 (43.7) | 3458 (42.6) | 0.367 |
 Glinide | 49 (2.4) | 187 (2.3) | 0.767 |
 Acarbose | 203 (10.0) | 780 (9.6) | 0.591 |
 Thiazolidinediones | 122 (6.0) | 466 (5.7) | 0.640 |
 Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors antagonist | 2 (0.1) | 5 (0.1) | 0.571 |
 Insulin | 331 (16.3) | 1382 (17.0) | 0.442 |
Background cardiovascular medications, n (%) | |||
 Antiplatelet agents | 602 (29.7) | 2399 (29.6) | 0.922 |
 Beta blockers | 516 (25.4) | 1986 (24.5) | 0.369 |
 Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers | 1117 (55.1) | 4432 (54.6) | 0.720 |
 Calcium channel blockers | 794 (39.2) | 3093 (38.1) | 0.397 |
 Diuretics | 244 (12.0) | 971 (12.0) | 0.939 |
 Statin | 1156 (57.0) | 4792 (59.1) | 0.090 |
 Fibrate | 157 (7.7) | 668 (8.2) | 0.468 |
 Ezetimibe | 189 (9.3) | 718 (8.9) | 0.509 |