Table 1 Baseline characteristics of eligible studies
Author | Publication year | Study design | Trial | Country/area | Intervention in treatment and control arms | Population | Overall sample size (n) | Follow-up period | Age (year, mean ± SD) | Sex (male%) | Imaging | Parameters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Januzzi | 2017 | RCT | – | Multiple countries and areas | Canagliflozin 100 mg/day or 300 mg/day; placebo | Older patients with T2DM | 666 | 52 weeks | 63.74 ± 6.31 | 57.27% | – | NT-proBNP |
Bonora | 2019 | RCT | DAPA-HDL | Italy | Dapagliflozin 10 mg/day; placebo | T2DM, excluding HF patients with NYHA classes III-IV | 30 | 12 weeks | 63.4 ± 6.9 | 66.70% | ICG | LVEF |
Brown | 2020 | RCT | DAPA-LVH | UK | Dapagliflozin 10 mg/day; placebo | T2DM, excluding patients diagnosed as clinical HF | 66 | 12 months | 65.53 ± 6.87 | 57.60% | MRI; ECHO | LVMI, LVEF, GLS, E/e', NT-proBNP |
Ikonomidis | 2020 | RCT | – | Greece | SGLT2i; standard care without SGLT2i | T2DM | 160 | 12 months | 58 ± 10 | 72% | ECHO | LVEF, GLS |
Katakami | 2020 | RCT | UTOPIA | Japan | Tofogliflozin 20 mg/day; conventional drugs | T2DM | 340 | 52 weeks | 61.10 ± 9.49 | 58.40% | – | NT-proBNP |
Kayano | 2020 | RCT | – | Japan | Dapagliflozin 5 mg/day; conventional therapy | T2DM candidates with hypertension (grade 1 or 2) and/or a history of ischemic heart disease | 74 | 6 months | 67.65 ± 8.53 | 89.18% | ECHO | E/eʹ, NT-proBNP |
Oldgren | 2020 | RCT | DAPACARD | Sweden and Finland | Dapagliflozin 10 mg/day; placebo | T2DM with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (≥ 50%) assessed within 1 year | 49 | 6 weeks | 64.4 ± 7.2 | 53% | MRI | GLS |
Shim | 2020 | RCT | IDDIA | Korea | Dapagliflozin 10 mg/day; placebo | T2DM and LV diastolic dysfunction | 60 | 24 weeks | – | – | ECHO | LVMI, LAVI, E/eʹ |
Verma | 2019 | RCT | EMPA-HEART CardioLink-6 | Canada | Empagliflozin 10 mg/day; placebo | T2DM and CAD, excluding patients with an LVEF < 30%, NYHA class IV or hospitalized for decompensated HF within the preceding 3 months | 97 | 6 months | 67.6 ± 6.6 | 80% | MRI | LVMI, LVEDVI, LVESVI, LAVI, LVEF, E/eʹ, NT-proBNP |
Anker | 2020 | RCT | EMPEROR-Reduced | Multiple countries and areas | Empagliflozin 10 mg/day; placebo | T2DM and CHF | 1856 | 52 weeks | 66.70 ± 10.15 | 76.90% | – | KCCQ, NT-proBNP |
Bhatt | 2020 | RCT | SOLOIST-WHF | Multiple countries and areas | Sotagliflozin 200 mg/day; placebo | T2DM recently hospitalized for worsening heart failure | 1222 | 4 months | 69.90 ± 9.34 | 66.24% | – | KCCQ |
Carbone | 2020 | RCT | CANA-HF | US | Canagliflozin 100 mg/day; sitagliptin 100 mg/day | T2DM and HFrEF | 36 | 12 weeks | 56.1 ± 7.8 | 77.77% | ECHO | LVEDVI, LVESVI, LVEF, E/eʹ |
de Boer | 2020 | RCT | – | Multiple countries and areas | Empagliflozin 25 mg/day; placebo | T2DM and CHF | 63 | 12 weeks | 68.02 ± 9.10 | 61.93% | – | NT-proBNP |
Eickhoff | 2020 | RCT (crossover) | DapKid | Denmark | Dapagliflozin 10 mg/day; placebo | T2DM and CHF | 40 | 12 weeks | 64 ± 8 | 89% | ECHO | LVMI, LVEF, GLS, E/eʹ, NT-proBNP |
Ejiri | 2020 | RCT | MUSCAT-HF | Japan | Luseogliflozin 2.5 mg/day; voglibose | T2DM and HFpEF | 165 | 12 weeks | 73.1412 ± 7.8130 | 62.52% | ECHO | LVMI, LAVI, LVEF, E/eʹ, NT-proBNP |
Griffin | 2020 | RCT (crossover) | – | US | Empagliflozin 10 mg/day; placebo | T2DM and HF | 20 | 14 days | 60 ± 12 | 75% | – | NT-proBNP |
Januzzi | 2020 | RCT | CANVAS; CANVAS-R | Multiple countries and areas | Canagliflozin 100 or 300 mg/day; placebo | T2DM and high risk for cardiovascular events | 3587 | 1 year | 62.6999 ± 7.8670 | 67% | – | NT-proBNP |
Mordi | 2020 | RCT (crossover) | RECEDE-CHF | UK | Empagliflozin 25 mg/day; placebo | T2DM and CHF | 23 | 6 weeks | 69.8 ± 5.7 | 73.90% | – | NT-proBNP |
Petrie | 2020 | RCT | DAPA-HF | Multiple countries and areas | Dapagliflozin 10 mg/day; placebo | T2DM and HFrEF | 2139 | 8 months | 66.50 ± 9.85 | 77.70% | – | NT-proBNP, KCCQ |
Singh | 2020 | RCT | REFORM | UK | Dapagliflozin 10 mg/day; placebo | T2DM and CHF | 56 | 1 year | 67.1 | 66.10% | MRI | LVMI, LVEDVI, LVESVI, LAVI, LVEF |
Tanaka | 2020 | RCT | CANDLE | Japan | Canagliflozin 100 mg/day; glimepiride 0.5 to 6.0 mg/day | T2DM and HF | 233 | 24 weeks | 68.6 ± 10.1 | 74.71% | ECHO | LVEF, E/e', NT-proBNP |