|
Ethnicity (%)
|
White
|
116 (87.9)
|
107 (82.3)
|
58 (95.1)
| |
|
Afro-Caribbean
|
5 (3.8)
|
11 (8.5)
|
0
|
|
South Asian
|
9 (6.8)
|
9 (6.9)
|
1 (1.6)
|
|
Other
|
2 (1.5)
|
3 (2.3)
|
2 (3.3)
|
|
Form of diabetes (%)
|
Type 1 diabetes
|
69 (52.3)
|
65 (50)
|
24 (39.3)
|
p = 0.24
|
|
Type 2 diabetes
|
60 (45.4)
|
64 (49.2)
|
36 (59)
|
p = 0.22
|
|
Other diabetes
|
3 (2.3)
|
1 (0.8)
|
1 (1.6)
|
NA
|
|
Male gender (%)
|
Total
|
83 (62)
|
76 (58.5)
|
35 (57.4)
|
p = 0.68
|
|
T1D
|
48 (69.6)
|
38 (58.5)
|
16 (66.7)
|
p = 0.40
|
|
T2D
|
33 (55)
|
37 (57.8)
|
18 (50)
|
p = 0.75
|
|
Age (years ± SD)
|
Total
|
61.4 ± 1 8.5
|
62.0 ± 18.7
|
70.3 ± 14.0
|
p = 0.03
|
|
T1D
|
50.5 ± 16.7
|
49.7 ± 16.5
|
59.7 ± 12.9
|
p = 0.03
|
|
T2D
|
74.2 ± 10.7
|
74.84 ± 10.2
|
77.3 ± 9.8
|
p = 0.38
|
|
Presenting capillary glucose (mmol/L ± SD)
|
Total
|
2.1 ± 0.7
|
2.2 ± 1.0
|
2.1 ± 0.6
|
p = 0.79
|
|
T1D
|
2.0 ± 0.7
|
2.1 ± 1.2
|
1.9 ± 0.6
|
p = 0.73
|
|
T2D
|
2.3 ± 0.7
|
2.3 ± 0.8
|
2.3 ± 0.6
|
p = 0.94
|
|
HbA1c (mmol/mol ± SD)
|
Total
|
62.8 ± 17.1
|
63.5 ± 15.6
|
60.8 ± 17.0
|
p = 0.62
|
|
T1D
|
66.3 ± 19.4
|
66.8 ± 14.5
|
61.3 ± 10.5
|
p = 0.40
|
|
T2D
|
58.5 ± 13.4
|
60.0 ± 16.2
|
61.2 ± 20.4
|
p = 0.76
|
|
Current smoker (%)
|
Total
|
29 (22.0)
|
27 (20.8)
|
10 (16.4)
|
p = 0.66
|
|
T1D
|
22 (31.9)
|
18 (27.7)
|
5 (20.8)
|
p = 0.45
|
|
T2D
|
7 (11.7)
|
9 (14.0)
|
5 (13.9)
|
p = 0.91
|
|
Duration of diabetes (years ± SD)
|
Total
|
23.7 ± 14.0
|
23.1 ± 12.7
|
25.7 ± 13.7
|
p = 0.58
|
|
T1D
|
26.3 ± 15.6
|
27.2 ± 13.1
|
32.0 ± 12.0
|
p = 0.25
|
|
T2D
|
21.0 ± 11.3
|
19.3 ± 10.7
|
20.9 ± 3.3
|
p = 0.67
|
|
BMI (kg/m2 ± SD)
|
Total
|
28.6 ± 7.4
|
27. 9 ± 6.8
|
27.1 ± 5.6
|
p = 0.43
|
|
T1D
|
26.9 ± 7.4
|
26.6 ± 7.4
|
25.6 ± 3.4
|
p = 0.75
|
|
T2D
|
31.0 ± 7.7
|
29.5 ± 5.8
|
28.1 ± 6.7
|
p = 0.18
|
|
Established cardiovascular disease (%)
|
Total
|
35 (26.5)
|
43 (33.1)
|
26 (42.6)
|
p = 0.08
|
|
T1D
|
13 (18.8)
|
13 (20)
|
8 (33.3)
|
p = 0.31
|
|
T2D
|
21 (35)
|
30 (46.9)
|
18 (50)
|
p = 0.26
|
|
Antiplatelet use (%)
|
Total
|
48 (36.4)
|
49 (37.7)
|
28 (45.9)
|
p = 0.43
|
|
T1D
|
17 (24.6)
|
20 (30.1)
|
9 (37.5)
|
p = 0.46
|
|
T2D
|
88 (66.7)
|
29 (45.3)
|
19 (52.8)
|
p = 0.75
|
|
Lipid lowering therapy use (%)
|
Total
|
30 (50)
|
84 (64.6)
|
42 (68.9)
|
p = 0.84
|
|
T1D
|
36 (52.2)
|
37 (56.9)
|
17 (70.8)
|
p = 0.28
|
|
T2D
|
50 (83.3)
|
47 (73.4)
|
24 (66.7)
|
p = 0.16
|
|
Anti-hypertensive use (%)
|
Total
|
81 (61.4)
|
83 (63.8)
|
41 (67.2)
|
p = 0.73
|
|
T1D
|
30 (43.4)
|
30 (46.2)
|
17 (70.8)
|
p = 0.06
|
|
T2D
|
50 (83.3)
|
53 (82.8)
|
23 (63.9)
|
p = 0.05
|
|
Type 2 diabetes receiving insulin (%)
| |
48 (80)
|
53 (82.8)
|
26 (72.2)
|
p = 0.45
|
