Table 1 A summary of baseline patient characteristics
Intensive (n = 132) | Standard (n = 130) | Observational (n = 61) | Difference between groups | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ethnicity (%) | White | 116 (87.9) | 107 (82.3) | 58 (95.1) | |
Afro-Caribbean | 5 (3.8) | 11 (8.5) | 0 | ||
South Asian | 9 (6.8) | 9 (6.9) | 1 (1.6) | ||
Other | 2 (1.5) | 3 (2.3) | 2 (3.3) | ||
Form of diabetes (%) | Type 1 diabetes | 69 (52.3) | 65 (50) | 24 (39.3) | p = 0.24 |
Type 2 diabetes | 60 (45.4) | 64 (49.2) | 36 (59) | p = 0.22 | |
Other diabetes | 3 (2.3) | 1 (0.8) | 1 (1.6) | NA | |
Male gender (%) | Total | 83 (62) | 76 (58.5) | 35 (57.4) | p = 0.68 |
T1D | 48 (69.6) | 38 (58.5) | 16 (66.7) | p = 0.40 | |
T2D | 33 (55) | 37 (57.8) | 18 (50) | p = 0.75 | |
Age (years ± SD) | Total | 61.4 ± 1 8.5 | 62.0 ± 18.7 | 70.3 ± 14.0 | p = 0.03 |
T1D | 50.5 ± 16.7 | 49.7 ± 16.5 | 59.7 ± 12.9 | p = 0.03 | |
T2D | 74.2 ± 10.7 | 74.84 ± 10.2 | 77.3 ± 9.8 | p = 0.38 | |
Presenting capillary glucose (mmol/L ± SD) | Total | 2.1 ± 0.7 | 2.2 ± 1.0 | 2.1 ± 0.6 | p = 0.79 |
T1D | 2.0 ± 0.7 | 2.1 ± 1.2 | 1.9 ± 0.6 | p = 0.73 | |
T2D | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 2.3 ± 0.6 | p = 0.94 | |
HbA1c (mmol/mol ± SD) | Total | 62.8 ± 17.1 | 63.5 ± 15.6 | 60.8 ± 17.0 | p = 0.62 |
T1D | 66.3 ± 19.4 | 66.8 ± 14.5 | 61.3 ± 10.5 | p = 0.40 | |
T2D | 58.5 ± 13.4 | 60.0 ± 16.2 | 61.2 ± 20.4 | p = 0.76 | |
Current smoker (%) | Total | 29 (22.0) | 27 (20.8) | 10 (16.4) | p = 0.66 |
T1D | 22 (31.9) | 18 (27.7) | 5 (20.8) | p = 0.45 | |
T2D | 7 (11.7) | 9 (14.0) | 5 (13.9) | p = 0.91 | |
Duration of diabetes (years ± SD) | Total | 23.7 ± 14.0 | 23.1 ± 12.7 | 25.7 ± 13.7 | p = 0.58 |
T1D | 26.3 ± 15.6 | 27.2 ± 13.1 | 32.0 ± 12.0 | p = 0.25 | |
T2D | 21.0 ± 11.3 | 19.3 ± 10.7 | 20.9 ± 3.3 | p = 0.67 | |
BMI (kg/m2 ± SD) | Total | 28.6 ± 7.4 | 27. 9 ± 6.8 | 27.1 ± 5.6 | p = 0.43 |
T1D | 26.9 ± 7.4 | 26.6 ± 7.4 | 25.6 ± 3.4 | p = 0.75 | |
T2D | 31.0 ± 7.7 | 29.5 ± 5.8 | 28.1 ± 6.7 | p = 0.18 | |
Established cardiovascular disease (%) | Total | 35 (26.5) | 43 (33.1) | 26 (42.6) | p = 0.08 |
T1D | 13 (18.8) | 13 (20) | 8 (33.3) | p = 0.31 | |
T2D | 21 (35) | 30 (46.9) | 18 (50) | p = 0.26 | |
Antiplatelet use (%) | Total | 48 (36.4) | 49 (37.7) | 28 (45.9) | p = 0.43 |
T1D | 17 (24.6) | 20 (30.1) | 9 (37.5) | p = 0.46 | |
T2D | 88 (66.7) | 29 (45.3) | 19 (52.8) | p = 0.75 | |
Lipid lowering therapy use (%) | Total | 30 (50) | 84 (64.6) | 42 (68.9) | p = 0.84 |
T1D | 36 (52.2) | 37 (56.9) | 17 (70.8) | p = 0.28 | |
T2D | 50 (83.3) | 47 (73.4) | 24 (66.7) | p = 0.16 | |
Anti-hypertensive use (%) | Total | 81 (61.4) | 83 (63.8) | 41 (67.2) | p = 0.73 |
T1D | 30 (43.4) | 30 (46.2) | 17 (70.8) | p = 0.06 | |
T2D | 50 (83.3) | 53 (82.8) | 23 (63.9) | p = 0.05 | |
Type 2 diabetes receiving insulin (%) | 48 (80) | 53 (82.8) | 26 (72.2) | p = 0.45 |