Table 3 The role of GV in diabetic microvascular

SD of HbA1c

SMBG

4231 patients with T2DM and albuminuria

Increased the risk of albuminuria

[65]

CV of HbA1c

SMBG

1383 T2DM patients

An independent risk factor for deterioration of renal function

[66]

SD of HbA1c

SMBG

388 patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease

Positively associated with the risk of chronic kidney disease progression

[68]

SD of HbA1c

SMBG

604 patients with T2DM

Significantly associated with progression of DN

[69]

MAGE

CGM

40 patients with T1DM or T2DM

An independent risk factor for DPN

[70]

TIR

Flash glucose monitoring

364 individuals with diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Negatively correlated with the risk of painful DN

[71]

CV of visit-to visit FPG

SMBG

2773 patients with T2DM

Increased the risk of DPN

[72]

CV of visit-to visit FPG

SMBG

36,152 individuals with T2DM

Potent predictors of DPN

[73]

CV and mean of HbA1c

SMBG

563 T2DM patients

Significantly increased the risk of DPN

[74]

Intrapersonal mean, SD and CV of HbA1c

SMBG

238 patients with T2DM

Strongly associated with the degree of severity of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy

[75]

Intrapersonal mean, SD and CV of HbA1c

SMBG

223 patients with T2DM

Strongly associated with the severity of peripheral neuropathy

[76]

TIR

CGM

3262 patients with T2DM

Inversely correlated with the severity of DR

[78]

CV and SD of HbA1c

SMBG

220 patients with T1DM

Positively associated with DR and impaired renal function

[80]

CV of HbA1c

SMBG

415 patients with T1DM

Independently associated with the risk of DR development

[81]