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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the ENRICA cohort according to quartiles of the MEDLIFE index

From: Association between the Mediterranean lifestyle, metabolic syndrome and mortality: a whole-country cohort in Spain

 

Mediterranean lifestyle index (MEDLIFE)

p-value*

Q1 (5–11 p)

Q2 (12–13 p)

Q3 (14–15 p)

Q4 (16–23 p)

Number of participants

3042

3435

2917

1696

 

MEDLIFE score, range 0–27 p

10.0 (1.16)

12.5 (0.50)

14.5 (0.50)

16.8 (1.09)

< 0.001

Block 1: Mediterranean food consumption, 0–15 p

3.8 (1.25)

5.1 (1.24)

6.2 (1.23)

7.6 (1.38)

< 0.001

Block 2: Mediterranean eating habits, 0–6 p

3.6 (0.87)

3.9 (0.82))

4.2 (0.80)

4.5 (0.77)

< 0.001

Block 3: Mediterranean physical activity, rest, social habits and conviviality, 0–6 p

2.6 (1.13)

3.5 (1.16)

4.1 (1.1)

4.7 (1.0)

< 0.001

Sex, female, %

54.9

53.0

52.5

52.4

0.189

Age, years

47.8 (17.0)

45.8 (16.1)

45.9 (16.0)

46.3 (15.0)

0.311

Educational level, %

< 0.001

 ≤ Primary

30.3

27.2

24.7

22.6

 

 Secondary

44.4

43.9

43.5

40.7

 

 University

25.4

29.0

31.9

36.7

 

Smoking status, %

< 0.001

 Never

44.2

47.7

50.3

48.5

 

 Former

21.8

24.3

24.7

29.3

 

 Current

34.0

28.0

25.0

22.2

 

BMI, kg/m2

26.8 (4.8)

26.6 (4.6)

26.3 (4.3)

26.2 (4.1)

< 0.001

Energy intake, kcal/day

2274 (944)

2232 (864)

2226 (747)

2238 (683)

0.08

Number of drug treatments

0.71 (1.32)

0.65 (1.26)

0.61 (1.22)

0.62 (1.21)

0.006

Morbiditiesa, %

44.6

40.0

36.3

34.6

< 0.001

Number of morbidities

0.66 (1.0)

0.63 (0.95)

0.56 (0.90)

0.52 (0.88)

< 0.001

Chronic conditions

 Depression, %

7.9

7.2

5.4

4.2

< 0.001

 Cancer, %

1.0

0.8

0.9

0.7

0.59

 Respiratory disease, %

8.1

7.0

6.5

5.5

0.005

Components of the metabolic syndrome

 Abdominal obesityb

36.8

34.4

31.9

28.1

< 0.001

 Fasting blood glucose 100–126 mg/dl, n

5.3

5.1

4.8

3.6

0.046

 Blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg,

44.9

45.6

42.1

42.9

0.021

 Triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dl

18.7

16.9

15.6

14.2

< 0.001

 Low HDL-Cc

27.9

26.4

23.4

20.5

< 0.001

 HOMA-IR

2.1 (1.70)

2.0 (1.6)

1.9 (1.4)

1.8 (1.3)

< 0.001

 Hs-CRP, geometric mean (standard error)

0.14 (0.0)

0.14 (0.0)

0.12 (0.0)

0.12 (0.0)

< 0.001

  1. Continuous variables are expressed as mean (standard deviation)
  2. BMI body mass index, kcal kilocalories, CVD cardiovascular disease, Hs-CRP highly sensitive C-reactive protein, HOMA-IR Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, m meters, MET metabolic equivalent of task, p points
  3. *Continuous variables were compared across categories of MEDLIFE using anova; categorical variables were compared using chi-squared tests
  4. aAt least one self-reported physician-diagnosed disease (coronary heart disease, stroke and heart failure, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, respiratory disease, hip fracture, urinary infection, sleep apnea, depression, Alzheimer’s disease, cirrhosis, Parkinson’s disease, stomach ulcers, intestinal polyps, cataracts, periodontal disease, cancer)
  5. bAbdominal obesity: waist circumference ≥ 102 cm in men, and ≥ 88 in women
  6. cHDL-C level < 40 mg/dl in men or < 50 in women
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840