Skip to main content

Table 2 Associations between FLP-CGM-derived metrics and branchial-ankle pulse wave velocity

From: Associations between continuous glucose monitoring-derived metrics and arterial stiffness in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes

Parameter

Regression coefficient (95% CI)

P value

Mean glucose (1 mmol/L increase)

 Model 1

25.0 (5.9 to 44.2)

0.011

 Model 2

26.8 (9.9 to 43.6)

0.002

 Model 3

26.7 (9.9 to 43.5)

0.002

 Model 4

36.3 (10.3 to 62.5)

0.006

SD (mmol/L) (1 mmol/L increase)

 Model 1

137.2 (86.5 to 187.9)

< 0.001

 Model 2

102.3 (56.8 to 147.9)

< 0.001

 Model 3

93.0 (46.9 to 139.0)

< 0.001

 Model 4

91.7 (36.5 to 146.8)

0.001

CV (%) (1% increase)

 Model 1

14.6 (8.9 to 20.3)

< 0.001

 Model 2

8.6 (3.3 to 13.8)

0.001

 Model 3

7.0 (1.6 to 12.4)

0.012

 Model 4

5.9 (0.5 to 11.4)

0.034

MAGE (1 mmol/L increase)

 Model 1

39.7 (23.7 to 55.7)

< 0.001

 Model 2

28.3 (13.9 to 42.7)

< 0.001

 Model 3

26.3 (11.9 to 40.7)

< 0.001

 Model 4

26.6 (10.4 to 42.8)

0.001

TIR3.9–10 mmol/L (10% increase)

 Model 1

− 33.5 (− 50.6 to − 16.5)

< 0.001

 Model 2

− 29.8 (− 44.9 to − 14.7)

< 0.001

 Model 3

− 28.8 (− 43.9 to − 13.7)

< 0.001

 Model 4

− 37.1 (− 59.5 to − 14.8)

0.001

TAR > 10 mmol/L (1% increase)

 Model 1

2.51 (0.82 to 4.20)

0.004

 Model 2

2.36 (0.86 to 3.85)

0.002

 Model 3

2.31 (0.82 to 3.80)

0.002

 Model 4

3.02 (0.72 to 5.33)

0.010

TAR > 13.9 mmol/L (1% increase)

 Model 1

4.92 (1.81 to 8.66)

0.010

 Model 2

5.50 (2.22 to 8.79)

0.001

 Model 3

5.61 (2.35 to 8.87)

< 0.001

 Model 4

5.72 (1.41 to 10.0)

0.009

TBR < 3.9 mmol/L (1% increase)

 Model 1

16.1 (8.2 to 24.0)

< 0.001

 Model 2

11.7 (4.6 to 18.7)

0.001

 Model 3

10.3 (3.2 to 17.3)

0.004

 Model 4

8.3 (1.19 to 15.5)

0.022

TBR < 3.0 mmol/L (1% increase)

 Model 1

52.1 (28.2 to 77.9)

< 0.001

 Model 2

45.1 (23.0 to 67.1)

< 0.001

 Model 3

41.5 (19.4 to 63.6)

< 0.001

 Model 4

30.5 (8.3 to 52.7)

0.007

LBGI (1 unit increase)

 Model 1

25.6 (4.26 to 46.9)

0.019

 Model 2

14.3 (− 4.8 to 33.3)

0.142

 Model 3

9.1 (− 10.1 to 28.4)

0.350

 Model 4

4.1 (− 16.5 to 24.6)

0.699

HBGI (1 unit increase)

 Model 1

12.6 (5.3 to 19.9)

< 0.001

 Model 2

11.9 (5.5 to 18.3)

< 0.001

 Model 3

11.6 (5.2 to 18.0)

< 0.001

 Model 4

13.8 (4.7 to 23.0)

0.004

MODD (1 mmol/L increase)

 Model 1

64.5 (9.1 to 119.9)

0.023

 Model 2

69.6 (20.7 to 118.3)

0.005

 Model 3

58.4 (8.8 to 108.0)

0.021

 Model 4

21.3 (− 42.0 to 84.7)

0.508

IQR (1 mmol/L increase)

 Model 1

45.7 (1.5 to 89.9)

0.043

 Model 2

57.0 (18.1 to 95.8)

0.004

 Model 3

48.7 (9.3 to 88.2)

0.015

 Model 4

28.9 (− 22.1 to 80.0)

0.266

HbA1c (1% increase)

 Model 1

7.7 (− 36.2 to 51.4)

0.734

 Model 2

22.7 (− 16.0 to 61.4)

0.250

 Model 3

20.8 (− 18.2 to 59.8)

0.295

 Model 4 (excluding HbA1c)

− 15.2 (− 55.7 to 25.2)

0.459

  1. Model 1: crude
  2. Model 2: adjusted for age and gender
  3. Model 3: adjusted for variables in Model 2 plus BMI, and duration of diabetes
  4. Model 4: adjusted for variables in Model 3 plus HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, logarithm of triglycerides, serum uric acid, estimated glomerular filtration rate, logarithm of urinary albumin excretion, presence of diabetic retinopathy, smoking status (never smoker, previous smoker, or current smoker), use of insulin therapy, use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and/or angiotensin II receptor blockers, use of statins, and use of anti-platelet agents
  5. CI: confidence interval; CV: coefficient of variation; FLP-CGM: FreeStyle Libre Pro continuous glucose monitoring; HBGI: high blood glucose index; IQR: interquartile range; LBGI: low blood glucose index; MAGE: mean amplitude of glycemic excursion; MODD: mean of daily differences; SD: standard deviation; TAR: time above range; TBR: time below range; TIR: time in range
Back to article page

Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840