Table 1 Patient demographic and background characteristics (n = 445)

Age (years)

65.9 ± 9.0

Male gender (%)

301 (67.6)

Body mass index (kg/m²)

24.5 ± 3.8

Estimated duration of diabetes (years)

13.5 ± 8.3

Current smoker (%)

92 (20.7)

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

132.5 ± 14.8

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

77.1 ± 11.2

HbA1c (%)

7.1 ± 0.8

HbA1c (mmol/mol)

53.9 ± 8.6

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.92 ± 0.78

LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

2.77 ± 0.64

HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.55 ± 0.40

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.40 ± 1.0

Uric acid (μmol/L)

310.6 ± 73.5

Estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m²)

70.8 ± 18

FLP-CGM-derived metrics

SD (mmol/L)

2.02 ± 0.66

CV (%)

25.6 ± 5.8

MAGE (mmol/L)

5.44 ± 2.09

TIR3.9–10 mmol/L (%)

78.7 ± 19.7

TAR > 10 mmol/L (%)

19.6 ± 20.1

TAR > 13.9 mmol/L (%)

4.03 ± 9.11

TBR < 3.9 mmol/L (%)

1.77 ± 4.28

TBR < 3.0 mmol/L (%)

0.30 ± 1.34

LBGI

1.42 ± 1.60

HBGI

5.63 ± 4.64

MODD (mmol/L)

1.72 ± 0.62

IQR (mmol/L)

2.12 ± 0.77

baPWV (cm/s)

1706 ± 367

baPWV (cm/s) in males (n = 301)

1698 ± 345

baPWV (cm/s) in females (n = 144)

1722 ± 412