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Table 1 General characteristics of Covid-19 Patients

From: Diabetes and Covid-19 among hospitalized patients in Saudi Arabia: a single-centre retrospective study

Parameters

All

Males

Females

p-value

N (%)

439 (100)

300 (68.3)

139 (31.7)

 

Age (years)

Median (min–max)

55 (19–101)

54 (19–87)

59 (20–101)

0.03

BMI (kg/m2)

29.7 ± 6.7

28.8 ± 5.8

31.5 ± 8.0

0.001

Nationality (%)

 Saudi

218 (49.7)

123 (41.0)

95 (68.3)

< 0.001

 Arab (non-Saudi)

100 (22.8)

73 (24.3)

27 (19.4)

 

 Filipino

20 (4.6)

16 (5.3)

4 (2.9)

 

 Bangladeshi

15 (3.4)

15 (5.0)

0

 

 Pakistani

12 (2.7)

10 (3.3)

2 (1.4)

 

 Indian

49 (11.2)

47 (15.7)

2 (1.4)

 

 Afghani

4 (0.9)

3 (1.0)

1 (0.7)

 

 Others

21 (4.8)

12 (4.3)

8 (5.8)

 

Comorbidities (%)

 Obesity

178 (42.2)

101 (35.3)

77 (56.6)

< 0.001

 Hypertension

187 (42.6)

109 (36.3)

78 (56.1)

< 0.001

 Diabetes mellitus*

300 (68.3)

200 (66.7)

100 (71.9)

NS

 Cardiovascular disease

44 (10.0)

31 (10.3)

13 (9.4)

NS

 Congestive heart failure

18 (4.1)

12 (4.0)

6 (4.3)

NS

 Chronic kidney disease

22 (5.0)

13 (4.3)

9 (6.5)

NS

 Stroke

17 (3.9)

10 (3.3)

7 (5.0)

NS

 Smoking

9 (2.6)

7 (3.2)

2 (1.6)

0.05

 Vitamin D deficiency**

112 (74.7)

75 (75.8)

37 (72.5)

NS

Medications (%)

 β-Blockers

73 (16.6)

50 (16.7)

23 (16.9)

NS

 ACE inhibitors

48 (10.9)

33 (11.0)

15 (10.8)

NS

 ARB

63 (14.4)

31 (10.3)

32 (23.5)

< 0.001

 CCB

95 (21.8)

55 (18.3)

40 (29.4)

0.03

 Statins

111 (25.5)

69 (23.1)

42 (30.9)

NS

 GLP-1 agonists

5 (1.1)

3 (1.0)

2 (1.5)

NS

 Insulin

63 (14.4)

28 (9.4)

35 (25.7)

< 0.001

 Oral hypoglycemic

148 (33.7)

89 (29.8)

59 (43.4)

0.006

 Anti-coagulants

19 (4.3)

9 (3.0)

10 (7.4)

0.04

 Anti-platelets

80 (18.2)

51 (17.0)

29 (21.3)

NS

 Levothyroxine

25 (5.7)

9 (3.0)

16 (11.6)

0.001

  1. *DM cases were known + newly diagnosed; **Only 150 cases had vitamin D status; significant at p < 0.05