Table 1 General characteristics of Covid-19 Patients
| Parameters | All | Males | Females | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | 439 (100) | 300 (68.3) | 139 (31.7) | |
|
Age (years) Median (min–max) | 55 (19–101) | 54 (19–87) | 59 (20–101) | 0.03 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.7 ± 6.7 | 28.8 ± 5.8 | 31.5 ± 8.0 | 0.001 |
| Nationality (%) | ||||
| Saudi | 218 (49.7) | 123 (41.0) | 95 (68.3) | < 0.001 |
| Arab (non-Saudi) | 100 (22.8) | 73 (24.3) | 27 (19.4) | |
| Filipino | 20 (4.6) | 16 (5.3) | 4 (2.9) | |
| Bangladeshi | 15 (3.4) | 15 (5.0) | 0 | |
| Pakistani | 12 (2.7) | 10 (3.3) | 2 (1.4) | |
| Indian | 49 (11.2) | 47 (15.7) | 2 (1.4) | |
| Afghani | 4 (0.9) | 3 (1.0) | 1 (0.7) | |
| Others | 21 (4.8) | 12 (4.3) | 8 (5.8) | |
| Comorbidities (%) | ||||
| Obesity | 178 (42.2) | 101 (35.3) | 77 (56.6) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 187 (42.6) | 109 (36.3) | 78 (56.1) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus* | 300 (68.3) | 200 (66.7) | 100 (71.9) | NS |
| Cardiovascular disease | 44 (10.0) | 31 (10.3) | 13 (9.4) | NS |
| Congestive heart failure | 18 (4.1) | 12 (4.0) | 6 (4.3) | NS |
| Chronic kidney disease | 22 (5.0) | 13 (4.3) | 9 (6.5) | NS |
| Stroke | 17 (3.9) | 10 (3.3) | 7 (5.0) | NS |
| Smoking | 9 (2.6) | 7 (3.2) | 2 (1.6) | 0.05 |
| Vitamin D deficiency** | 112 (74.7) | 75 (75.8) | 37 (72.5) | NS |
| Medications (%) | ||||
| β-Blockers | 73 (16.6) | 50 (16.7) | 23 (16.9) | NS |
| ACE inhibitors | 48 (10.9) | 33 (11.0) | 15 (10.8) | NS |
| ARB | 63 (14.4) | 31 (10.3) | 32 (23.5) | < 0.001 |
| CCB | 95 (21.8) | 55 (18.3) | 40 (29.4) | 0.03 |
| Statins | 111 (25.5) | 69 (23.1) | 42 (30.9) | NS |
| GLP-1 agonists | 5 (1.1) | 3 (1.0) | 2 (1.5) | NS |
| Insulin | 63 (14.4) | 28 (9.4) | 35 (25.7) | < 0.001 |
| Oral hypoglycemic | 148 (33.7) | 89 (29.8) | 59 (43.4) | 0.006 |
| Anti-coagulants | 19 (4.3) | 9 (3.0) | 10 (7.4) | 0.04 |
| Anti-platelets | 80 (18.2) | 51 (17.0) | 29 (21.3) | NS |
| Levothyroxine | 25 (5.7) | 9 (3.0) | 16 (11.6) | 0.001 |