Fig. 2
From: Insulin directly stimulates mitochondrial glucose oxidation in the heart
Insulin stimulation of glucose oxidation is associated with enhanced phosphorylation of mitochondrial Akt, PKC-δ and GSK-3β. Hearts were homogenized and fractionated using differential centrifugation to isolate mitochondrial and cytosolic portions. a Western blots of GLUT1, GLUT4, Akt, PKC-δ, GSK-3β and PDH and their correspondent phosphorylated serine and tyrosine groups. Prohibitin and α-tubulin as loading control for mitochondrial and cytosolic proteins, respectively. Densitometric analysis of phosphorylated/total levels of b GLUT1, c GLUT4, d Akt, e PKC-δ, f GSK-3β and g PDH in the mitochondria and in the cytosol (n = 6 for each experimental group). Individual values for each group are presented as a scattered plot along with its mean ± SEM. Data were analyzed using Two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. *p < 0.05 vs—insulin condition in each fraction)