Serum alkaline phosphatase levels and the risk of new-onset diabetes in hypertensive adults

Table 4 Estimating the association between baseline serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and new-onset diabetes evaluated with risk ratio (RR)

ALP, IU/L	N	No. of events (%)	Crude model		Adjusted model*
ALP, IU/L	N	No. of events (%)	RR (95% CI)	P value^†	RR (95% CI)	P value^†
New-onset diabetes
Continuous, per SD (30.5 IU/L) increment	14,393	1549 (10.8)	1.06 (1.01,1.12)	0.011	1.06 (1.00,1.12)	0.034
Quartiles
Q1 (< 79)	3486	343 (9.8)	1.00 (ref.)		1.00 (ref.)
Q2 (79- < 96)	3623	381 (10.5)	1.07 (0.93,1.24)	0.372	1.09 (0.94,1.26)	0.274
Q3 (96- < 116)	3577	390 (10.9)	1.12 (0.97,1.29)	0.166	1.12 (0.96,1.30)	0.143
Q4 (≥ 116)	3707	435 (11.7)	1.19 (1.04,1.38)	0.015	1.21 (1.03,1.41)	0.018
P for trend			0.013		0.019

ALP serum alkaline phosphatase, CI confidence interval, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, RR risk ratio, SD standard deviations, SBP systolic blood pressure
*Adjusted for age, sex, study center, treatment group, body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol drinking, family history of diabetes, SBP, fasting glucose (FG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), eGFR, folate, total homocysteine and the use of antihypertensive drugs at baseline, as well as time-averaged SBP during the treatment period
^†In comparison with the first quartile

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