| Unmatched cohorts | P-values | Cohorts after coarsened exact matching | P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Incident NOAC users (N = 862) | Incident warfarin users (N = 626) | Incident NOAC users (N = 582) | Incident warfarin users (N = 486) | |||
Prior CVD or bleeding comorbidities | Â | |||||
 Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 622 (72.2) | 386 (61.7) | < 0.0001 | 383 (72.5) | 349 (71.8) | 0.530 |
 Heart failure, n (%) | 159 (18.5) | 109 (17.4) | 0.601 | 72 (13.6) | 77 (15.8) | 0.321 |
 Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 177 (20.5) | 112 (17.9) | 0.203 | 106 (20.1) | 79 (16.3) | 0.116 |
 Hypertension, n (%) | 584 (67.8) | 409 (65.3) | 0.956 | 337 (63.8) | 311 (64.0) | 0.329 |
 Ischemic heart disease, n (%) | 239 (27.7) | 170 (27.2) | 0.808 | 130 (24.6) | 120 (24.7) | 0.979 |
 Valvular heart disease, n (%) | 70 (8.1) | 71 (11.3) | 0.036 | 36 (6.8) | 45 (9.3) | 0.152 |
 Venous thromboembolism, n (%) | 78 (9.1) | 68 (10.9) | 0.246 | 39 (7.4) | 46 (9.5) | 0.233 |
 Prior bleeding, n (%) | 382 (44.3) | 219 (35.0) | < 0.0001 | 202 (38.3) | 163 (33.5) | 0.118 |
 Gastrointestinal bleeding, n (%) | 28 (3.3) | 20 (3.2) | 0.954 | 16 (3.0) | 10 (2.1) | 0.328 |
Anti-hypertensive treatment | Â | |||||
 Diuretics, n (%) | 365 (42.3) | 252 (40.3) | 0.420 | 215 (40.7) | 190 (39.1) | 0.598 |
 Beta-blocker, n (%) | 450 (52.2) | 338 (54.0) | 0.495 | 280 (53.0) | 267 (54.9) | 0.543 |
 Calcium channel blockers, n (%) | 314 (36.4) | 186 (29.7) | 0.006 | 162 (30.7) | 149 (30.7) | 0.427 |
 ARB/ACEi, n (%) | 508 (58.9) | 389 (62.1) | 0.212 | 301 (57.0) | 301 (61.9) | 0.111 |
Anti-diabetes treatments | ||||||
 Insulin, n (%) | 122 (14.2) | 97 (15.5) | 0.471 | 63 (11.9) | 64 (13.2) | 0.552 |
 Metformin, n (%) | 445 (51.6) | 329 (52.6) | 0.722 | 264 (50.0) | 238 (49.0) | 0.743 |
 Sulfonylurea, n (%) | 171 (19.8) | 133 (21.3) | 0.506 | 92 (17.4) | 84 (17.3) | 0.953 |
 Thiazolidinediones, n (%) | 12 (1.4) | 16 (2.6) | 0.103 | 5 (1.0) | 6 (1.2) | 0.659 |
 Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, n (%) | 119 (13.8) | 85 (13.6) | 0.910 | 66 (12.5) | 46 (9.5) | 0.123 |
 Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors, n (%) | 24 (2.8) | 23 (3.7) | 0.333 | 10 (1.9) | 13 (2.7) | 0.404 |
 Glucagon-like peptide 1, n (%) | 12 (1.4) | 12 (1.9) | 0.428 | 6 (1.1) | 5 (1.0) | 0.869 |