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Table 3 Bleeding/CVD subtypes, anti-hypertensive treatments, and anti-diabetes treatments distribution in the unmatched and coarsened exact matched cohorts

From: Cardiovascular risks and bleeding with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant versus warfarin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a tapered matching cohort study

 

Unmatched cohorts

P-values

Cohorts after coarsened exact matching

P-value

Incident NOAC users (N = 862)

Incident warfarin users (N = 626)

Incident NOAC users (N = 582)

Incident warfarin users (N = 486)

Prior CVD or bleeding comorbidities

 

 Atrial fibrillation, n (%)

622 (72.2)

386 (61.7)

< 0.0001

383 (72.5)

349 (71.8)

0.530

 Heart failure, n (%)

159 (18.5)

109 (17.4)

0.601

72 (13.6)

77 (15.8)

0.321

 Cerebrovascular disease, n (%)

177 (20.5)

112 (17.9)

0.203

106 (20.1)

79 (16.3)

0.116

 Hypertension, n (%)

584 (67.8)

409 (65.3)

0.956

337 (63.8)

311 (64.0)

0.329

 Ischemic heart disease, n (%)

239 (27.7)

170 (27.2)

0.808

130 (24.6)

120 (24.7)

0.979

 Valvular heart disease, n (%)

70 (8.1)

71 (11.3)

0.036

36 (6.8)

45 (9.3)

0.152

 Venous thromboembolism, n (%)

78 (9.1)

68 (10.9)

0.246

39 (7.4)

46 (9.5)

0.233

 Prior bleeding, n (%)

382 (44.3)

219 (35.0)

< 0.0001

202 (38.3)

163 (33.5)

0.118

 Gastrointestinal bleeding, n (%)

28 (3.3)

20 (3.2)

0.954

16 (3.0)

10 (2.1)

0.328

Anti-hypertensive treatment

 

 Diuretics, n (%)

365 (42.3)

252 (40.3)

0.420

215 (40.7)

190 (39.1)

0.598

 Beta-blocker, n (%)

450 (52.2)

338 (54.0)

0.495

280 (53.0)

267 (54.9)

0.543

 Calcium channel blockers, n (%)

314 (36.4)

186 (29.7)

0.006

162 (30.7)

149 (30.7)

0.427

 ARB/ACEi, n (%)

508 (58.9)

389 (62.1)

0.212

301 (57.0)

301 (61.9)

0.111

Anti-diabetes treatments

 Insulin, n (%)

122 (14.2)

97 (15.5)

0.471

63 (11.9)

64 (13.2)

0.552

 Metformin, n (%)

445 (51.6)

329 (52.6)

0.722

264 (50.0)

238 (49.0)

0.743

 Sulfonylurea, n (%)

171 (19.8)

133 (21.3)

0.506

92 (17.4)

84 (17.3)

0.953

 Thiazolidinediones, n (%)

12 (1.4)

16 (2.6)

0.103

5 (1.0)

6 (1.2)

0.659

 Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, n (%)

119 (13.8)

85 (13.6)

0.910

66 (12.5)

46 (9.5)

0.123

 Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors, n (%)

24 (2.8)

23 (3.7)

0.333

10 (1.9)

13 (2.7)

0.404

 Glucagon-like peptide 1, n (%)

12 (1.4)

12 (1.9)

0.428

6 (1.1)

5 (1.0)

0.869