Table 2 Hazard ratios for type 2 diabetes incidence among Israelis of Ethiopian origin and native Israelis

Men

Number of diabetes incidences

5

52

80

12

65

12

Mean follow-up (years; ± SD)

13.3 ± 4.7

12.8 ± 4.6

12.1 ± 4.5

13.1 ± 4.6

13.0 ± 4.6

10.4 ± 3.8

Cumulative follow-up (person-years)

98,635.6

546,719.6

129,126.1

69,269.4

138,542.1

10,687.5

Incident rate (per 10⁵ person-years)

5.1

9.5

62.0

17.3

46.9

112.3

Mean age at diagnosis (years; ± SD)

28.7 ± 5.2

30.9 ± 4.6

30.2 ± 4.2

30.6 ± 2.9

30.8 ± 4.2

27.5 ± 3.5

HR (unadjusted)

0.51

Reference

7.24

1.78

4.88

17.93

95% CI

0.20–1.26

5.11–10.27

0.95–3.33

3.39–7.03

9.55–33.66

p-value

0.15

1.2 × 10^–28

0.07

1.6 × 10^–17

2.7 × 10^–19

HR (adjusted*)

0.52

Reference

6.93

1.18

3.41

15.83

95% CI

0.21–1.31

4.86–9.88

0.60–2.29

2.29–5.06

8.29–30.25

p-value

0.17

1.3 × 10^–26

0.63

1.4 × 10^–9

6.3 × 10^–17

Men with unimpaired health

Number of new diabetes cases

3

36

53

9

44

11

HR (adjusted*)

0.46

Reference

6.91

1.26

3.04

20.15

95% CI

0.14–1.50

4.49–10.65

0.59–2.66

1.89–4.87

10.01–40.56

p-value

0.20

1.7 × 10^–18

0.55

4.1 × 10^–6

3.9 × 10^–17

Second-generation (Israeli-born) Ethiopians

Number of new diabetes incidences

5

52

80

2

5

6

HR (adjusted*)

0.52

Reference

6.96

2.25

4.42

29.10

95% CI

0.21–1.31

4.88–9.93

0.54–9.43

1.71–11.42

11.99–70.61

p-value

0.17

1.1 × 10^–26

0.27

2.1 × 10^–3

9.2 × 10^–14

Women

Number of diabetes incidences

0

16

34

4

19

6

Mean follow-up (years; ± SD)

12.4 ± 4.2

12.2 ± 4.3

11.8 ± 4.2

12.2 ± 4.1

12.3 ± 4.2

11.0 ± 3.9

Cumulative follow-up (person-years)

58,210.7

282,466.6

60,968.6

38,017.4

80,045.6

11,104.7

Incident rate (per 10⁵ person-years)

–

5.7

55.8

10.5

23.7

54.0

Mean age at diagnosis (years; ± SD)

–

26.1 ± 4.4

27.8 ± 3.7

24.6 ± 4.4

29.8 ± 4.0

26.1 ± 4.7

HR (unadjusted)

–

Reference

10.15

1.87

4.17

10.79

95% CI

–

5.60–18.39

0.62–5.59

2.15–8.12

4.22–27.60

p-value

–

2.1 × 10^–14

0.26

2.6 × 1^–5

6.9 × 10^–7

HR (adjusted*)

–

Reference

9.66

1.13

2.40

7.04

95% CI

–

5.32–17.54

0.36–3.56

1.13–5.09

2.61–18.94

p-value

–

8.9 × 10^–14

0.08

0.02

1.1 × 10^–4