Table 2 Left atrial volume and strain data and traditional diastolic function data
Variable | Normal weight (n = 101) | Obese (n = 114) | Type II diabetic (n = 116) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
LA EDV (mL) | 17.5 (13.6, 20.8) | 21.6 (16.4, 28.7) | 17.6 (13.1, 22.8) | 0.001 |
LA ESV (mL) | 44.4 (39.1, 56.1) | 57.1 (46.2, 69.4) | 50.7 (38.8, 60.5) | 0.001 |
LA EF (%) | 63.3 (55.7, 67.7) | 63.1 (54.6, 68) | 64.1 (58.6, 70.2) | 0.3 |
LA volume (mL/m2) | 17.4 (14.4, 19.9) | 15.8 (13.1, 19.6) | 13.9 (11.9, 16.9) | < 0.0001 |
Septal e′ (cm/s) | 13.2 (11.7, 14.6) | 11.6 (10.5, 13) | 10.6 (9.7, 11.9) | 0.0001 |
Septal a′ (cm/s) | 6.8 (5.7, 7.6) | 6.8 (5.8, 8.1) | 7.4 (6.3, 8.7) | 0.005 |
Lateral e′ (cm/s) | 17.4 (15.8, 19.2) | 16.1 (13.9, 17.7) | 14.3 (11.7, 16.5) | 0.0001 |
Lateral a′(cm/s) | 6.1 (5.2, 7.3) | 7 (5.8, 8.6) | 7.3 (6.1, 9.1) | 0.0001 |
Mitral valve E wave (cm/s) | 91.6 (81.8, 100.7) | 90.2 (78.8, 104.9) | 92.9 (81.7, 105.9) | 0.5 |
Mitral valve A wave (cm/s) | 41.3 (34.8, 53.2) | 48.4 (38.1, 58.4) | 57.2 (44.2, 69.6) | 0.0001 |
E/A (lower is worse) | 2.0 (1.7, 2.5) | 2.0 (1.5, 2.3) | 1.6 (1.3, 2.0) | 0.0001 |
Septal E/e′ | 6.8 (6.1, 7.7) | 7.7 (6.6, 9.3) | 8.8 (7.6, 9.8) | 0.0001 |
Lateral E/e′ | 5.1 (4.6, 6.1) | 5.7 (5.1, 6.5) | 6.5 (5.3, 7.8) | 0.0001 |
Average E/e′ (higher is worse) | 5.9 (5.2, 6.7) | 6.6 (5.8, 7.5) | 7.4 (6.2, 8.7) | 0.0001 |
Average heart rate (bpm) | 63 (55, 69) | 65 (58, 71) | 73 (64, 80) | < 0.0001 |
Shortening fraction (%) | 35.6 (31.4, 39.5) | 36.1 (32.3, 41.3) | 36.1 (32.3, 42) | 0.19 |
LV mass (grams) | 117.6 (95.4, 159) | 151.5 (119.3, 188.3) | 149.8 (123, 178.7) | < 0.0001 |
Booster function | 16.6 (12.4, 20) | 12.3 (9.6, 16) | 13.1 (9.6, 18.4) | 0.0009 |
Reservoir function | 52.2 (44.8, 58.2) | 45.1 (37.9, 53.4) | 46.6 (39.7, 55.1) | 0.0001 |
Conduit function | 36.8 (30.8, 41.4) | 32.8 (27.3, 37.1) | 33.1 (28.7, 41.3) | 0.007 |
Reservoir strain rate | 2.0 (1.6, 2.4) | 1.8 (1.3, 2.2) | 1.8 (1.4, 2.2) | 0.01 |
Conduit strain rate | − 2.6 (− 3.3, − 1.6) | − 2.2 (− 2.8, − 1.4) | − 2.1 (− 2.5, − 1.4) | 0.002 |
Booster strain rate | − 0.2 (− 0.6, − 0.05) | − 0.4 (− 0.7, − 0.06) | − 0.4 (− 0.8, − 0.1) | 0.1 |