Table 1 General characteristics of the study population

Age (years)

36 ± 12

36 ± 13

35.6 ± 12.1

0.789

Diabetes duration (years)

19 ± 11

19.1 ± 10.5

18.8 ± 10.9

0.739

Early onset T1D (1–10 years of age) (%)

31.3

32.4

30.4

0.653

Age of T1D onset (years)

16.8 ± 10.8

16.7 ± 11.1

17 ± 10.4

0.712

Waist circumference (cm)

86.0 ± 11.8

82.4 ± 11.3

89.3 ± 11.2

< 0.0001

BMI (kg/m²)

25.1 ± 3.6

24.7 ± 3.8

25.4 ± 3.3

0.018

HbA1c (%)

7.7 ± 1.2

7.9 ± 1.2

7.7 ± 1.22

0.064

SBP (mmHg)

121 ± 16

118 ± 17

123 ± 14

< 0.0001

DBP (mmHg)

75 ± 10

73 ± 11

76 ± 9

0.001

Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

178 ± 34

181.5 ± 35.7

175.6 ± 33

0.040

LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)

101 ± 29

100 ± 28.1

101.5 ± 29.5

0.468

HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)

62 ± 16

68 ± 17.3

56.9 ± 13.9

< 0.0001

Triglycerides (mg/dl)

79 ± 52

71.2 ± 36.7

86.5 ± 62.3

< 0.0001

eGFR (CKD-EPI) (ml/min/1.73 m²)

101.8 ± 18

100.7 ± 18.6

102.8 ± 17.5

0.168

Other autoimmune diseases (%)

35

44.9

25.4

< 0.0001

CSII (%)

32.5

38.7

26.9

0.003

Microvascular complications (%)

27.7

26.8

28.4

0.679

Nephropathy (%)

9.7

9.4

10.1

0.778

Retinopathy (%)

18.8

15.2

22.1

0.038

Neuropathy (%)

10.4

10.9

10.07

0.727

Previous CVD (%)

3.8

3.3

4.3

0.540

Hypertension (%)

29.4

25.4

33

0.050

Hypercholesterolemia (%)

53

49.6

56.1

0.132