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Table 1 General characteristics of the 10 Randomized Control Trials included in the meta-analysis

From: Heterogeneity of antidiabetic treatment effect on the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Trial name

Year

Drug class

Exp. Vs control arms

Centers and countries, n.

Primary endpoint and key secondary endpoint

Follow-up, median in years

Patients, n. Exp.: n. Control

Age, mean in years

Diabetes duration, median in years

Male, n (%)

BMI, kg/m2

HbA1c, median,  %

Established CVD, n (%)

Previous HF, n (%)

EGFR < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2, n (%)

ELIXA

2015

GLP-1

Lixisenatide vs placebo

49 countries

4-point MACE and expanded MACE

2.1

3034:3034

60.3

9.3

4207 (69)

30.2

7.6

6068 (100)

1358 (22)

1407 (23)

LEADER

2016

GLP-1

Liraglutide vs placebo

410 sites in 32 countries

3-point MACE and expanded MACE

3.8

4668:4672

64.3

12.8

6003 (64)

32.5

8.7

7598 (81)

1305 (14)

2158 (23)

SUSTAIN-6

2016

GLP-1

Semaglutide vs placebo

230 sites in 20 countries

3-point MACE and expanded MACE

2.1

1648:1649

64.6

13.9

2002 (61)

32.8

8.7

2735 (83)

777 (24)

939 (28)

EXSCEL

2017

GLP-1

Exenatide vs placebo

687 sites in 35 countries

3-point MACE and MACE components

3.2

7356:7396

62

12

5603 (62)

31.8

8

10782 (73)

464 (3)

1129 (8)

HARMONY

2018

GLP-1

Albiglutide vs placebo

610 sites in 28 countries

3-point MACE and expanded MACE

1.6

4731:4732

64.1

14.1

6569 (69)

32.3

8.8

9463 (100)

1922 (20)

2222 (23)

REWIND

2019

GLP-1

Dulaglutide vs placebo

371 sites in 24 countries

3-point MACE and 7 secondary outcomesa

5.4

4949:4952

66.2

9.5

5312 (54)

32.3

7.3

3114 (31)

853 (8.6)

2199 (22)

PIONEER-6

2019

GLP-1

Semaglutidevs placebo

214 sites in 21 countries

3-point MACE and other CVD outcomesc

2.6

1591:1592

66

14.9

2176 (68)

32.3

8.2

2695 (85)d

388 (12.2)

856 (27)

EMPA-REG OUTCOME

2015

SGLT-2

Empagliflozin vs placebo

590 sites in 42 countries

3-point MACE and 4-point MACE

3.1

4687:2333

63.1

10b

 3336 (71)

30.7

8.1

7020 (100)

706 (10)

1819 (26)

CANVAS

2017

SGLT-2

Canagliflozin vs placebo

667 sites in 30 countries

3-point MACE and all-cause and CVD deaths

2.4

5795:4347

63.3

13.5

6509 (64)

32

8.2

6656 (66)

1461 (14)

2039 (20)

DECLARE

2019

SGLT-2

Dapagliflozin vs placebo

882 sites in 33 countries

3-point MACE and CVD mortality + HF hospitalizations

4.2

8582:8578

63.9

11.0

10738 (63)

32.1

8.3

6974 (41)

1724 (10)

1265 (7)

  1. DPP-4 Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 Glucagon-Like Peptide Receptor Agonists, Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors, MACE major adverse cardiovascular events, CVD cardiovascular disease, HF heart failure. 3-point MACE includes cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and nonfatal stroke; 4-point MACE includes cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke and hospitalization for unstable angina
  2. aComposite clinical microvascular outcome comprising diabetic retinopathy or renal disease; hospital admission for unstable angina; each component of the primary composite cardiovascular outcome; death; and heart failure requiring either hospital admission or an urgent visit requiring therapy
  3. b57% of the randomized patients had duration of diabetes longer than 10 years
  4. cSecondary outcomes: expanded MACE (unstable angina resulting in hospitalization or heart failure resulting in hospitalization); a composite of death from any cause, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke; and the individual components of these composite outcomes
  5. dAge ≥ 50 yr and established CVD or chronic kidney disease
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840