Table 1 Baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics according to glucose metabolism status

Clinical characteristics

 Age, years

58.2 ± 9.8

55.5 ± 9.9

58.5 ± 9.5

59.3 ± 9.8

< 0.001

 Male sex, n (%)

3120 (71.2)

700 (75.6)

1263 (70.6)

1157 (69.4)

0.003

 BMI (kg/m²)

25.9 ± 3.1

25.5 ± 3.1

25.7 ± 3.1

26.4 ± 3.1

< 0.001

 Hypertension, n (%)

2857 (65.2)

536 (57.9)

1141 (63.8)

1180 (70.8)

< 0.001

 Family history of early CAD, n (%)

610 (13.9)

150 (16.2)

246 (13.8)

214 (12.8)

0.059

 Current smoker, n (%)

2373 (54.2)

511 (55.2)

962 (53.8)

900 (54.0)

0.774

 Alcohol consumption, n (%)

1400 (32.0)

311 (33.5)

576 (32.2)

513 (30.8)

0.330

Laboratory findings

 Glucose (mmol/L)

6.2 ± 2.0

4.9 ± 0.6

5.3 ± 0.7

7.8 ± 2.4

< 0.001

 HbA1c (%)

6.5 ± 1.2

5.4 ± 0.2

6.0 ± 0.2

7.7 ± 1.2

< 0.001

 Creatinine (μmol/L)

77.6 ± 15.7

78.3 ± 15.4

77.1 ± 15.1

77.8 ± 16.6

0.149

 TC (mg/dL)

159.88 ± 41.62

157.93 ± 41.23

161.82 ± 42.79

158.71 ± 41.23

0.040

 HDL-C (mg/dL)

40.85 ± 11.28

42.01 ± 12.45

43.71 ± 11.28

39.68 ± 10.50

< 0.001

 LDL-C (mg/dL)

97.25 ± 36.57

95.31 ± 36.18

98.81 ± 37.34

96.47 ± 35.40

0.036

 Non-HDL-C (mg/dL)

119.03 ± 40.07

115.92 ± 40.07

120.20 ± 40.56

119.03 ± 39.68

0.020

 ApoB (g/L)

0.88 (0.71–1.08)

0.86 (0.70–1.07)

0.88 (0.71–1.09)

0.88 (0.72–1.08)

0.405

 TG (mmol/L)

1.49 (1.10–2.11)

1.39 (1.02–1.98)

1.52 (1.12–2.10)

1.53 (1.15–2.19)

< 0.001

 LDL-TG (mg/dL)

17.93 ± 6.53

16.77 ± 6.69

17.83 ± 6.45

18.67 ± 6.44

< 0.001 

 LVEF (%)

64.4 ± 7.2

65.0 ± 6.5

64.9 ± 6.8

63.5 ± 7.9

< 0.001

 GS

22 (10–38)

20 (11–34)

20 (10–36)

24 (10–42)

0.002

Medications

 Statins, n (%)

3237 (73.9)

675 (72.9)

1310 (73.2)

1252 (75.1)

0.324

 Statins at follow-up, n (%)

4250 (97.0)

892 (96.3)

1744 (97.5)

1614 (96.9)

0.226

 Aspirin, n (%)

2684 (61.3)

554 (59.8)

1083 (60.5)

1037 (62.2)

0.411

 ACEIs/ARBs, n (%)

1266 (28.9)

261 (28.2)

517 (28.9)

488 (29.3)

0.838

 β-blockers, n (%)

2394 (54.6)

495 (53.5)

961 (53.7)

938 (56.3)

0.224

Antidiabetes drugs

 OADs, n (%)

1020 (23.3)

–

–

1020 (61.2)

–

 Insulin, n (%)

561 (12.8)

–

–

561 (33.7)

–