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Table 3 Univariate linear regression analysis: variables associated with calcification score at the end of follow-up (n = 163 patients; mean follow-up duration = 31.20 ± 3.86 months)

From: Circulating Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor kB Ligand and triglycerides are associated with progression of lower limb arterial calcification in type 2 diabetes: a prospective, observational cohort study

 

β coefficient [slope]

IC 95

p value

Log(calcium score at baseline)

0.88

[0.81;0.95]

< 0.001

Follow-up duration

− 0.07

[− 0.27;0.13]

0.49

Age

0.15

[0.06;0.25]

0.001

Sex (male)

3.51

[1.64–5.38]

< 0.001

Smoking habits (never)

− 1.69

[− 3.27 to − 0.12]

0.03

Hypertension (absence)

− 0.75

[− 2.72 to 1.22]

0.45

BMI

− 0.05

[− 0.2 to 0.09]

0.48

Waist circumference

0

[− 0.02 to0.03]

0.75

HbA1c

0.05

[− 0.53 to 0.62]

0.87

Diabetes duration

0.07

[− 0.01;0.14]

0.09

NDS ≥ 6

0.15

[− 0.86 to 1.17]

0.76

Ischemic cardiomyopathy

3.73

[2.15–5.32]

< 0.001

eGFR MDRD

− 0.06

[− 0.01; − 0.02]

0.005

hsCRP

− 0.16

[− 0.47 to 0.16]

0.32

Log IL-6

1.05

[− 0.22 to 2.32]

0.10

Triglycerides

0.43

[− 0.3 to 1.16]

0.25

Cholesterol total

− 0.51

[− 1.39 to 0.37]

0.25

HDL

− 2.01

[− 4.27 to 0.25]

0.08

LDL

0.56

[− 1.6 to 0.48]

0.29

Log(sRANKL)

0.04

[− 0.39 to 0.46]

0.86

Log(OPG)

1.84

[− 1.14 to 4.83]

0.22

Log(OPG/sRANKL)

0

[− 0.41 to 0.41]

0.99

iPTH

0.04

[0.01–0.07]

0.01

Log (Corrected calcium)

− 9.99

[− 26 to 6.02]

0.22

Log(t-ucMGP)

− 2.74

[− 4.85 to − 0.64]

0.01

Log(dp-ucMGP)

1.61

[0.53–2.7]

0.004

Log(FGF-23)

0.56

[− 0.03 to 1.16]

0.06

Log(Fetuine A)

− 1.82

[− 3.36 to − 0.29]

0.02

Log(Pentosidine)

2.16

[0.35-3.96]

0.02

Log(Carboxymethylysine)

1.30

[− 2.67 to 5.27]

0.52

Log(MG-H1)

− 3.15

[− 5.79 to − 0.51]

0.02

Log(sRAGE)

0.69

[− 0.79 to 2.16]

0.36

Log(IGF-1)

− 2.06

[− 4.15 to 0.02]

0.05

Standardized IGF-1

− 0.24

[− 0.75 to 0.27]

0.36

Log adiponectin

1.59

[0.12–3.06]

0.03

TyG INDEX

0.02

[− 0.02 to 0.06]

0.25

Statin use

1.62

[− 0.93;4.17]

0.21

  1. BMI body mass index, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FGF-23 fibroblast growth factor 23, eGFR MDRD estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated with the modification of diet in renal disease formula, HbA1c haemoglobin A1C, hsCRP high sensitivity C-reactive protein, IGF-1 insulin growth factor-1, IL-6 interleukin 6, iPTH intact parathyroid hormone, MG‐H1 Methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone1, dp-ucMGP desphospho-uncarboxylated matrix gla protein, t-ucMGP Total uncarboxylated matrix gla protein, NDS neuropathy disability score, OPG osteoprotegerin, sRAGE soluble form of receptor for advanced glycation end products, sRANKL soluble form of Receptor Activator of Nuclear factor kB Ligand, TyG triglyceride glucose index
  2. p-values indicating significance are shown in italics type