Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants, categorized according to the quartiles of baPWV
Characteristics | Total | baPWV quartiles, cm/s | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 (–1391) | Q2 (1392–1593) | Q3 (1594–1829) | Q4 (1830–) | |||
N | 2308 | 578 | 576 | 578 | 576 | Â |
Age (years) | 58.5 ± 11.0 | 52.1 ± 10.6 | 56.3 ± 9.6 | 60.1 ± 9.6 | 65.5 ± 9.7 | < 0.001 |
Sex, male (%) | 1005 (44) | 281(49) | 276(48) | 237(41.0) | 211(37) | < 0.001 |
Smoking (%) | 523 (23) | 147 (25) | 148 (26) | 124 (22) | 104 (18) | < 0.001 |
Body weight (kg) | 64.8 ± 11.0 | 67.4 ± 12.4 | 65.9 ± 10.4 | 64.02 ± 10.3 | 61.7 ± 10.0 | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.9 ± 3.4 | 25.2 ± 3.7 | 25.1 ± 3.2 | 24.9 ± 3.3 | 24.6 ± 3.3 | 0.020 |
Diabetes duration (years) | 8.7 ± 7.1 | 6.7 ± 5.7 | 7.9 ± 6.3 | 9.0 ± 7.1 | 11.3 ± 8.3 | < 0.001 |
HbA1c (%) | 7.2 (6.5–8.5) | 7.2(6.4–8.3) | 7.1 (6.5–8.3) | 7.2 (6.5–8.5) | 7.4 (6.7–8.7) | 0.004 |
SBP, mmHg | 130 (120–140) | 120 (112–129) | 128 (120–136) | 130 (121–140) | 138 (130–151) | < 0.001 |
DBP, mmHg | 80 (72–85) | 75 (70–81) | 80 (73–85) | 80 (73–85) | 80 (74–88) | < 0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 174 (148–202) | 174 (148–203) | 176 (149–204 | 173 (148–203) | 172 (148–201 | 0.525 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 124 (89–181) | 125 (87–178) | 124 (88–191) | 125 (89–183) | 124 (94–175) | 0.902 |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 93 (74–117) | 96 (74–120) | 93 (76–115) | 90 (71–116) | 94 (72–117) | 0.239 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 46 (39–55) | 47 (40–54) | 47 (41–56) | 46 (39–55) | 46 (38–54) | 0.024 |
hsCRP | 0.2 (0.1–0.80) | 0.2 (0.1–0.7) | 0.2 (0.1–0.6) | 0.2 (0.1–1.0) | 0.2 (0.1–1.2) | 0.038 |
Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 0.9 (0.7–1.0) | 0.9 (0.7–1.0) | 0.9 (0.7–1.0) | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | < 0.001 |
Maximum baPWV (cm/s) | 1645 ± 347 | 1278 ± 84 | 1489 ± 57 | 1701 ± 67 | 2114 ± 292 | < 0.001 |
Diabetic retinopathy (%) | 383 (19) | 66 (13) | 68 (14) | 104 (21) | 145 (31) | < 0.001 |
Diabetic nephropathy (%) | 218 (10) | 30 (5) | 27 (5) | 57 (10) | 104 (19) | < 0.001 |
Diabetic neuropathy (%) | 959 (43) | 197 (35) | 211 (38) | 249 (45) | 302 (55) | < 0.001 |
Insulin | 695 (30) | 152 (26) | 153 (27) | 167 (29) | 223 (39) | < 0.001 |
Antihypertensive drugs | 1480 (64) | 282 (49) | 345 (60) | 414 (72) | 439 (76) | < 0.001 |
Lipid-lowering drugs | 1462 (63) | 344 (60) | 360 (63) | 387 (67) | 371 (64) | 0.061 |
Antiplatelet drugs | 1321 (57) | 270 (47) | 303 (53) | 381 (66) | 367 (64) | < 0.001 |