Table 3 Cardiopulmonary exercise testing parameters of the CHF patients with non-reduced LVEF (≥ 40%) or reduced LVEF (< 40%)
|  | LVEF ≥ 40% | LVEF < 40% | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All (n = 131) | Diabetic (n = 34) | Nondiabetic (n = 97) | Unadjusted mean difference (95% CI) | Adjusted mean difference (95% CI) | All (n = 144) | Diabetic (n = 44) | Nondiabetic (n = 100) | Unadjusted mean difference (95% CI) | Adjusted mean difference (95% CI) | |
Peak VO2, mL/kg/min | 16.87 ± 4.98 | 15.16 ± 3.82 | 17.46 ± 5.22 | − 1.15* (− 2.12 to − 0.18) | − 0.93* (− 1.82 to − 0.04) | 15.52 ± 5.17 | 13.46 ± 3.94 | 16.43 ± 5.41 | − 1.48* (− 2.38 to − 0.59) | − 1.05* (− 1.96 to − 0.15) |
Peak workload, watts | 91.0 ± 40.2 | 90.1 ± 43.2 | 91.4 ± 39.3 | − 0.6 (− 8.6 to 7.4) | − 0.2 (− 6.6 to 6.3) | 84.2 ± 34.1 | 76.9 ± 27.8 | 87.3 ± 36.1 | − 5.2 (− 11.3 to 0.9) | − 2.5 (− 8.0 to 3.1) |
Peak HR, beats/min | 123.8 ± 30.7 | 116.5 ± 29.8 | 126.4 ± 30.7 | − 5.0 (− 11.0 to 1.1) | − 2.4 (− 8.7 to 4.0) | 120.7 ± 28.8 | 116.0 ± 24.5 | 122.8 ± 30.4 | − 3.4 (− 8.5 to 1.7) | 3.5 (− 2.0 to 9.0) |
Peak RER | 1.24 ± 0.13 | 1.19 ± 0.12 | 1.26 ± 0.13 | − 0.04* (− 0.06 to − 0.01) | − 0.04* (− 0.06 to − 0.01) | 1.26 ± 0.12 | 1.28 ± 0.13 | 1.25 ± 0.11 | 0.01 (− 0.01 to 0.04) | 0.02 (− 0.01 to 0.04) |
ΔVO2/Δworkload | 7.21 ± 2.09 | 6.79 ± 1.99 | 7.35 ± 2.11 | − 0.28 (− 0.69 to 0.13) | − 0.13 (− 0.54 to 0.27) | 7.04 ± 1.90 | 6.65 ± 1.78 | 7.21 ± 1.94 | − 0.28 (− 0.62 to 0.07) | − 0.29 (− 0.65 to 0.07) |
Peak O2 pulse, mL/beats | 8.77 ± 3.02 | 9.28 ± 3.28 | 8.59 ± 2.92 | 0.34 (− 0.25 to 0.94) | 0.21 (− 0.23 to 0.66) | 8.52 ± 2.90 | 7.98 ± 2.88 | 8.75 ± 2.89 | − 0.38 (− 0.90 to 0.13) | − 0.75* (− 1.24 to − 0.25) |
HR reserve, beats/min | 55.8 ± 26.2 | 49.1 ± 25.3 | 58.2 ± 26.3 | − 4.6 (− 9.7 to 0.6) | − 3.2 (− 8.8 to 2.3) | 51.5 ± 25.3 | 47.9 ± 22.3 | 53.2 ± 2 6.4 | − 2.7 (− 7.2 to 1.9) | 1.7 (− 3.4 to 6.9) |
Chronotropic index | 0.60 ± 0.29 | 0.57 ± 0.33 | 0.62 ± 0.28 | − 0.02 (− 0.08 to 0.04) | − 0.02 (− 0.08 to 0.05) | 0.54 ± 0.27 | 0.52 ± 0.24 | 0.55 ± 0.28 | − 0.01 (− 0.06 to 0.03) | 0.03 (− 0.03 to 0.08) |
AT VO2, mL/kg/min | 10.75 ± 2.74 | 9.79 ± 1.59 | 11.09 ± 2.97 | − 0.65* (− 1.18 to − 0.12) | − 0.65* (− 1.21 to − 0.08) | 9.76 ± 2.62 | 8.78 ± 2.15 | 10.19 ± 2.70 | − 0.71* (− 1.16 to − 0.25) | − 0.66* (− 1.11 to − 0.21) |
Lowest VE/VCO2 | 33.6 ± 6.1 | 34.0 ± 4.4 | 33.4 ± 6.6 | 0.3 (− 0.9 to 1.5) | 0.2 (− 0.9 to 1.4) | 36.3 ± 8.2 | 37.9 ± 8.9 | 35.6 ± 7.8 | 1.1 (− 0.3 to 2.6) | 0.6 (− 1.0 to 2.1) |