Table 1 Clinical and biological characteristics according to the TyG tertiles
|  | Lowest tertile (7.80–9.37) (n = 56) | Mid tertile (9.38–9.99) (n = 55) | Highest tertile (10.00–10.96) (n = 55) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 58.5 ± 10.1 | 60.6 ± 11.4 | 57.5 ± 11.0 | 0.306 |
Gender (M/F) | 36/20 | 34/21 | 33/22 | 0.897 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.6 ± 2.8 | 25.0 ± 2.5 | 25.8 ± 2.1 |  < 0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 86.0 ± 11.7 | 91.2 ± 10.9 | 94.0 ± 9.9 | 0.001 |
Male | 90.2 ± 11.9 | 94.9 ± 9.9 | 96.4 ± 9.1 | 0.041 |
Female | 78.4 ± 6.1 | 85.2 ± 10.2 | 90.4 ± 10.2 |  < 0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 138.9 ± 21.3 | 139.2 ± 22.9 | 143.7 ± 23.1 | 0.456 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 85.9 ± 13.4 | 85.4 ± 14.1 | 85.6 ± 14.0 | 0.975 |
Duration of diabetes (years) | 4 [3–6] | 4 [3–8] | 7 [3–12] | 0.044 |
Practicing physical activity | 24 (42.9%) | 12 (21.8%) | 7 (12.7%) | 0.001 |
Smoking | 15 (26.8%) | 22 (40%) | 24 (43.6%) | 0.152 |
Metabolic syndrome | 23 (41.1%) | 42 (76.4%) | 44 (80.0%) |  < 0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 207.1 ± 46.3 | 224.1 ± 55.2 | 232.8 ± 52.7 | 0.03 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 146.9 ± 42.2 | 209.9 ± 44.2 | 330.8 ± 70.4 |  < 0.001 |
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 50.0 ± 12.4 | 41.9 ± 8.2 | 40.1 ± 7.8 |  < 0.001 |
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 126.1 ± 36.7 | 130.4 ± 44.0 | 146.0 ± 51.5 | 0.042 |
Non-HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 157.1 ± 43.3 | 182.2 ± 54.6 | 192.7 ± 51.5 |  < 0.001 |
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 111.9 ± 27.7 | 159.7 ± 29.3 | 189.0 ± 43.2 |  < 0.001 |
HbA1c (%) | 7.3 ± 0.6 | 8.0 ± 0.9 | 8.3 ± 1.0 |  < 0.001 |
TyG index | 8.95 ± 0.37 | 9.67 ± 0.19 | 10.33 ± 0.23 |  < 0.001 |
Insulin (mU/L) | 17 [12–28] | 30 [18–39] | 30 [18–39] |  < 0.001 |
HOMA-IR index | 4.45 [2.85–6.88] | 10.20 [6.40–14.30] | 12.40 [8.30–16.60] |  < 0.0001 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 89.4 ± 28.1 | 82.2 ± 21.0 | 84.0 ± 20.3 | 0.239 |
Coronary artery stenosis ≥ 50% (%) | 16 (28.6) | 16 (29.1) | 28 (50.9) | 0.021 |
Coronary artery stenosis ≥ 70% (%) | 5 (8.9) | 11 (20.0) | 16 (29.1) | 0.026 |
Drug therapy | ||||
 Metformin | 55 (98.2%) | 53 (96.4%) | 55 (100%) | 0.359 |
 Sulphonylurea | 50 (89.3%) | 51 (92.7%) | 48 (87.3%) | 0.634 |
 Thiazolidinedione | 1 (1.8%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.372 |
 DPP-4 inhibitors | 1 (1.8%) | 1 (1.8%) | 3 (5.5%) | 0.432 |
 α-glucosidase inhibitor | 4 (7.1%) | 12 (21.8%) | 14 (25.5%) | 0.029 |
 Insulin | 2 (3.6%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.8%) | 0.369 |
 Antiplatelet | 30 (53.6%) | 32 (58.2%) | 32 (58.2%) | 0.852 |
 Statin | 33 (58.9%) | 32 (58.2%) | 31 (56.4%) | 0.961 |