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Table 2 Results of meta-analysis comparison of SGLT2 inhibitors and placebo

From: SGLT2 inhibitors and atrial fibrillation in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review with meta-analysis of 16 randomized controlled trials

Outcomes of interest

Numbers of analyzed studies

SGLT2i patients

Placebo patients

RR (95% CI)

p value

Study heterogeneity

χ2

I2, %

p value

Primary outcomes

 Incidence of AF/AFL

16

20,914

17,421

0.76 (0.65 to 0.90)

0.001*

7.72

0

0.93

 All-cause mortality

12

19,809

16,920

0.91 (0.83 to 0.99)

0.03*

4.06

0

0.97

 Heart failure

10

18,701

16,485

0.73 (0.64 to 0.84)

< 0.00001*

10.43

14

0.32

 Cerebrovascular events

13

20,199

16,986

1.06 (0.85 to 1.32)

0.19

15.99

25

0.19

 Myocardial infarction

13

19,747

16,949

0.95 (0.78 to 1.16)

0.65

6.81

0

0.87

Secondary outcomes

 Urinary tract infection rate

15

12,332

8842

1.17 (1.03 to 1.32)

0.01*

14.4

3

0.42

 Adjusted mean HbA1c (%) change from baseline

  Low dosage

9

2652

2601

− 0.62 (− 0.89 to − 0.34)

< 0.00001*

173.58

95

< 0.00001*

  High dosage

11

3214

3230

− 0.70 (− 0.91 to − 0.50)

< 0.00001*

166.91

94

< 0.00001*

 Adjusted mean body weight loss (kg) change from baseline

  Low dosage

5

778

776

− 2.12 (− 2.91 to − 1.34)

< 0.00001*

21.08

81

0.0003*

  High dosage

7

1398

1405

− 1.89 (− 2.13 to − 1.65)

< 0.00001*

8.33

28

0.21

 Adjusted mean blood pressure (mm Hg) change from baseline

  Systolic blood pressure

   Low dosage

6

2283

2257

− 3.34 (− 4.12 to − 2.56)

< 0.00001*

4.18

0

0.52

  High dosage

7

2709

2736

− 4.11 (− 4.86 to − 3.36)

< 0.00001*

11.51

48

0.07

 Diastolic blood pressure

  Low dosage

6

2283

2257

− 1.11 (− 1.62 to − 0.6)

< 0.0001*

4.37

0

0.50

  High dosage

6

2236

2257

− 1.69 (− 2.17 to − 1.12)

< 0.0001*

4.77

0

0.44

  1. SGLT2 sodium-glucose co-transporter 2, AF atrial fibrillation, AFL atrial flutter, RR relative risk, CI confidence interval