Outcomes of interest | Numbers of analyzed studies | SGLT2i patients | Placebo patients | RR (95% CI) | p value | Study heterogeneity | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
χ2 | I2, % | p value | ||||||
Primary outcomes | ||||||||
Incidence of AF/AFL | 16 | 20,914 | 17,421 | 0.76 (0.65 to 0.90) | 0.001* | 7.72 | 0 | 0.93 |
All-cause mortality | 12 | 19,809 | 16,920 | 0.91 (0.83 to 0.99) | 0.03* | 4.06 | 0 | 0.97 |
Heart failure | 10 | 18,701 | 16,485 | 0.73 (0.64 to 0.84) | < 0.00001* | 10.43 | 14 | 0.32 |
Cerebrovascular events | 13 | 20,199 | 16,986 | 1.06 (0.85 to 1.32) | 0.19 | 15.99 | 25 | 0.19 |
Myocardial infarction | 13 | 19,747 | 16,949 | 0.95 (0.78 to 1.16) | 0.65 | 6.81 | 0 | 0.87 |
Secondary outcomes | ||||||||
Urinary tract infection rate | 15 | 12,332 | 8842 | 1.17 (1.03 to 1.32) | 0.01* | 14.4 | 3 | 0.42 |
Adjusted mean HbA1c (%) change from baseline | ||||||||
Low dosage | 9 | 2652 | 2601 | − 0.62 (− 0.89 to − 0.34) | < 0.00001* | 173.58 | 95 | < 0.00001* |
High dosage | 11 | 3214 | 3230 | − 0.70 (− 0.91 to − 0.50) | < 0.00001* | 166.91 | 94 | < 0.00001* |
Adjusted mean body weight loss (kg) change from baseline | ||||||||
Low dosage | 5 | 778 | 776 | − 2.12 (− 2.91 to − 1.34) | < 0.00001* | 21.08 | 81 | 0.0003* |
High dosage | 7 | 1398 | 1405 | − 1.89 (− 2.13 to − 1.65) | < 0.00001* | 8.33 | 28 | 0.21 |
Adjusted mean blood pressure (mm Hg) change from baseline | ||||||||
Systolic blood pressure | ||||||||
Low dosage | 6 | 2283 | 2257 | − 3.34 (− 4.12 to − 2.56) | < 0.00001* | 4.18 | 0 | 0.52 |
High dosage | 7 | 2709 | 2736 | − 4.11 (− 4.86 to − 3.36) | < 0.00001* | 11.51 | 48 | 0.07 |
Diastolic blood pressure | ||||||||
Low dosage | 6 | 2283 | 2257 | − 1.11 (− 1.62 to − 0.6) | < 0.0001* | 4.37 | 0 | 0.50 |
High dosage | 6 | 2236 | 2257 | − 1.69 (− 2.17 to − 1.12) | < 0.0001* | 4.77 | 0 | 0.44 |