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Table 1 General characteristics of all male participants by diabetic complications

From: Associations between abdominal obesity indices and diabetic complications: Chinese visceral adiposity index and neck circumference

Characteristic

Diabetic complications

CVD−

CVD+

P

DKD−

DKD+

P

DR−

DR+

P

N

1373

755

–

1478

471

–

1224

265

–

Age, year

65.97 ± 8.65

70.11 ± 7.97

< 0.001

66.97 ± 8.39

68.89 ± 8.94

< 0.001

67.55 ± 8.68

67.06 ± 8.14

0.401

Duration of diabetes, year

8 (3, 15)

10 (5, 18)

< 0.001

8 (3, 15)

10 (6, 18)

< 0.001

9 (4, 15)

10 (5, 18)

0.001

Current smoking, %

29.7

39.9

< 0.001

34.3

39.9

0.030

33.2

35.4

0.523

Beyond high school education, %

60.5

58.1

0.234

61.4

57.5

0.141

59.3

63.5

0.212

BMI, kg/m2

24.82 ± 3.37

25.31 ± 3.09

0.001

24.77 ± 3.25

25.6 ± 3.31

< 0.001

24.99 ± 3.29

24.97 ± 3.2

0.903

WC, cm

91.54 ± 9.25

93.7 ± 8.85

< 0.001

91.56 ± 8.82

94.57 ± 9.71

< 0.001

92.39 ± 9.15

92.43 ± 9.42

0.947

NC, cm

39.65 ± 3.14

40.12 ± 3.07

0.001

39.58 ± 3.07

40.57 ± 3.18

< 0.001

39.81 ± 3.08

40.04 ± 3.01

0.261

HC, cm

99.31 ± 6.97

100.53 ± 6.57

< 0.001

99.44 ± 6.75

100.66 ± 7.16

0.001

99.75 ± 6.86

99.86 ± 7.01

0.817

WHR

0.92 ± 0.06

0.93 ± 0.06

< 0.001

0.92 ± 0.06

0.94 ± 0.06

< 0.001

0.93 ± 0.06

0.92 ± 0.06

0.830

LAP

40.0 (24.2, 63.5)

40.6 (27.4, 63.4)

0.280

38.1 (23.5, 59.3)

45.2 (31.5, 72.0)

< 0.001

40.7 (25.0, 63.4)

39.1 (23.8, 59.7)

0.246

VAI

1.84 (1.17, 2.95)

1.95 (1.23, 2.88)

0.470

1.78 (1.14, 2.79)

2.01 (1.38, 3.32)

< 0.001

1.88 (1.20, 2.93)

1.83 (1.18, 2.72)

0.287

CVAI

129.72 ± 40.74

141.57 ± 38.26

< 0.001

130.1 ± 39.21

145.14 ± 41.01

< 0.001

134.42 ± 40.1

133.8 ± 42.05

0.819

FPG, mmol/L

7.83 ± 2.38

7.82 ± 2.39

0.904

7.53 ± 2.09

8.69 ± 2.92

< 0.001

7.79 ± 2.32

8.25 ± 2.66

0.004

HbA1c, %

7.56 ± 1.41

7.63 ± 1.41

0.303

7.41 ± 1.27

8.14 ± 1.65

< 0.001

7.52 ± 1.4

7.89 ± 1.47

< 0.001

TC, mmol/L

5.01 ± 1.04

4.47 ± 1.14

< 0.001

4.82 ± 1.06

4.86 ± 1.25

0.483

4.81 ± 1.08

4.84 ± 1.05

0.763

TG, mmol/L

1.48 (1.05, 2.18)

1.42 (1.05, 2.01)

0.129

1.41 (1.02, 2.04)

1.57 (1.15, 2.24)

< 0.001

1.36 (1.03, 1.97)

1.46 (1.05, 2.13)

0.133

HDL, mmol/L

1.13 ± 0.26

1.08 ± 0.24

< 0.001

1.12 ± 0.26

1.09 ± 0.25

0.013

1.11 ± 0.26

1.1 ± 0.24

0.866

LDL, mmol/L

3.14 ± 0.74

2.75 ± 0.81

< 0.001

3 ± 0.76

3.01 ± 0.85

0.827

3.01 ± 0.78

3.02 ± 0.76

0.741

CCA plaque, %

63.6

77.4

< 0.001

67.4

71.7

0.096

68.2

71.9

0.271

Ln ACR, mg/g

2.71 ± 1.26

2.96 ± 1.37

< 0.001

2.2 ± 0.65

4.6 ± 1.12

< 0.001

2.71 ± 1.27

3.02 ± 1.42

0.001

eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2

92.65 ± 16.32

86.04 ± 17.72

< 0.001

92.16 ± 14.7

85.96 ± 21.24

< 0.001

89.94 ± 17.32

91.27 ± 16.73

0.254

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

142.84 ± 19.52

146.21 ± 18.67

< 0.001

142.14 ± 18.88

151.19 ± 19.16

< 0.001

143.21 ± 19.08

147.27 ± 20.26

0.002

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

80.73 ± 11

79.11 ± 11.33

0.002

80.05 ± 10.87

81.06 ± 12.04

0.112

80.13 ± 11.24

80.3 ± 12.13

0.821

  1. The data are summarized as the mean ± SD or median (interquartile range) for continuous variables or as a numerical proportion for categorical variables
  2. CVD cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, DKD diabetic kidney disease, DR diabetic retinopathy, BMI body mass index, FPG fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, TG triglycerides, TC total cholesterol, CCA common carotid artery, Ln ACR log-transformed albumin to creatinine ratio, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, NC neck circumference, HC hip circumference, WC waist circumference, VAI visceral adiposity index, LAP lipid accumulation product, CVAI Chinese visceral adiposity index, WHR waist-to-hip ratio