Characteristic | Diabetic complications | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CVD− | CVD+ | P | DKD− | DKD+ | P | DR− | DR+ | P | |
N | 1373 | 755 | – | 1478 | 471 | – | 1224 | 265 | – |
Age, year | 65.97 ± 8.65 | 70.11 ± 7.97 | < 0.001 | 66.97 ± 8.39 | 68.89 ± 8.94 | < 0.001 | 67.55 ± 8.68 | 67.06 ± 8.14 | 0.401 |
Duration of diabetes, year | 8 (3, 15) | 10 (5, 18) | < 0.001 | 8 (3, 15) | 10 (6, 18) | < 0.001 | 9 (4, 15) | 10 (5, 18) | 0.001 |
Current smoking, % | 29.7 | 39.9 | < 0.001 | 34.3 | 39.9 | 0.030 | 33.2 | 35.4 | 0.523 |
Beyond high school education, % | 60.5 | 58.1 | 0.234 | 61.4 | 57.5 | 0.141 | 59.3 | 63.5 | 0.212 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 24.82 ± 3.37 | 25.31 ± 3.09 | 0.001 | 24.77 ± 3.25 | 25.6 ± 3.31 | < 0.001 | 24.99 ± 3.29 | 24.97 ± 3.2 | 0.903 |
WC, cm | 91.54 ± 9.25 | 93.7 ± 8.85 | < 0.001 | 91.56 ± 8.82 | 94.57 ± 9.71 | < 0.001 | 92.39 ± 9.15 | 92.43 ± 9.42 | 0.947 |
NC, cm | 39.65 ± 3.14 | 40.12 ± 3.07 | 0.001 | 39.58 ± 3.07 | 40.57 ± 3.18 | < 0.001 | 39.81 ± 3.08 | 40.04 ± 3.01 | 0.261 |
HC, cm | 99.31 ± 6.97 | 100.53 ± 6.57 | < 0.001 | 99.44 ± 6.75 | 100.66 ± 7.16 | 0.001 | 99.75 ± 6.86 | 99.86 ± 7.01 | 0.817 |
WHR | 0.92 ± 0.06 | 0.93 ± 0.06 | < 0.001 | 0.92 ± 0.06 | 0.94 ± 0.06 | < 0.001 | 0.93 ± 0.06 | 0.92 ± 0.06 | 0.830 |
LAP | 40.0 (24.2, 63.5) | 40.6 (27.4, 63.4) | 0.280 | 38.1 (23.5, 59.3) | 45.2 (31.5, 72.0) | < 0.001 | 40.7 (25.0, 63.4) | 39.1 (23.8, 59.7) | 0.246 |
VAI | 1.84 (1.17, 2.95) | 1.95 (1.23, 2.88) | 0.470 | 1.78 (1.14, 2.79) | 2.01 (1.38, 3.32) | < 0.001 | 1.88 (1.20, 2.93) | 1.83 (1.18, 2.72) | 0.287 |
CVAI | 129.72 ± 40.74 | 141.57 ± 38.26 | < 0.001 | 130.1 ± 39.21 | 145.14 ± 41.01 | < 0.001 | 134.42 ± 40.1 | 133.8 ± 42.05 | 0.819 |
FPG, mmol/L | 7.83 ± 2.38 | 7.82 ± 2.39 | 0.904 | 7.53 ± 2.09 | 8.69 ± 2.92 | < 0.001 | 7.79 ± 2.32 | 8.25 ± 2.66 | 0.004 |
HbA1c, % | 7.56 ± 1.41 | 7.63 ± 1.41 | 0.303 | 7.41 ± 1.27 | 8.14 ± 1.65 | < 0.001 | 7.52 ± 1.4 | 7.89 ± 1.47 | < 0.001 |
TC, mmol/L | 5.01 ± 1.04 | 4.47 ± 1.14 | < 0.001 | 4.82 ± 1.06 | 4.86 ± 1.25 | 0.483 | 4.81 ± 1.08 | 4.84 ± 1.05 | 0.763 |
TG, mmol/L | 1.48 (1.05, 2.18) | 1.42 (1.05, 2.01) | 0.129 | 1.41 (1.02, 2.04) | 1.57 (1.15, 2.24) | < 0.001 | 1.36 (1.03, 1.97) | 1.46 (1.05, 2.13) | 0.133 |
HDL, mmol/L | 1.13 ± 0.26 | 1.08 ± 0.24 | < 0.001 | 1.12 ± 0.26 | 1.09 ± 0.25 | 0.013 | 1.11 ± 0.26 | 1.1 ± 0.24 | 0.866 |
LDL, mmol/L | 3.14 ± 0.74 | 2.75 ± 0.81 | < 0.001 | 3 ± 0.76 | 3.01 ± 0.85 | 0.827 | 3.01 ± 0.78 | 3.02 ± 0.76 | 0.741 |
CCA plaque, % | 63.6 | 77.4 | < 0.001 | 67.4 | 71.7 | 0.096 | 68.2 | 71.9 | 0.271 |
Ln ACR, mg/g | 2.71 ± 1.26 | 2.96 ± 1.37 | < 0.001 | 2.2 ± 0.65 | 4.6 ± 1.12 | < 0.001 | 2.71 ± 1.27 | 3.02 ± 1.42 | 0.001 |
eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 92.65 ± 16.32 | 86.04 ± 17.72 | < 0.001 | 92.16 ± 14.7 | 85.96 ± 21.24 | < 0.001 | 89.94 ± 17.32 | 91.27 ± 16.73 | 0.254 |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 142.84 ± 19.52 | 146.21 ± 18.67 | < 0.001 | 142.14 ± 18.88 | 151.19 ± 19.16 | < 0.001 | 143.21 ± 19.08 | 147.27 ± 20.26 | 0.002 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 80.73 ± 11 | 79.11 ± 11.33 | 0.002 | 80.05 ± 10.87 | 81.06 ± 12.04 | 0.112 | 80.13 ± 11.24 | 80.3 ± 12.13 | 0.821 |